2. Twist transcription factors (TF) play key roles in embryonic development and are largely undetectable in normal adult tissues; however, their expression is reactivated during tumor progression and correlates with invasive and metastatic lesions. Transcription of the Twist gene is activated by Wnt signals and the Twist TF represses the gene for E-cadherin. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible, a. Outline the steps from the Wnt signal to the E-cadherin gene (inclusive); e.g., A→B → C (with some clarifications such as "binds to”, “activates”, "represses") b. What are the normal cellular and embryonic (morphological) consequences of Twist expression? How would inappropriate expression contribute to cancer?

2. Twist transcription factors (TF) play key roles in embryonic development and are largely undetectable in normal adult tissues; however, their expression is reactivated during tumor progression and correlates with invasive and metastatic lesions. Transcription of the Twist gene is activated by Wnt signals and the Twist TF represses the gene for E-cadherin. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible, a. Outline the steps from the Wnt signal to the E-cadherin gene (inclusive); e.g., A→B → C (with some clarifications such as "binds to”, “activates”, "represses") b. What are the normal cellular and embryonic (morphological) consequences of Twist expression? How would inappropriate expression contribute to cancer?

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter16: Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 22RQ: Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set gene expression pattern. A targeted therapy that...

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1. For each of the following genes, categorize them as a tumor suppressor gene or a protooncogene. Please explain each choice. Gene Proto-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene? Explanation Bcl-2 Rb Ras APC p53
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1. Match each of the terms in the left column to the bestfitting phrase from the right column.a. epistatic interaction 1. divide the body into identical units(segments)b. regulative 2. initiated by binding of ligand todetermination receptorc. modifier screen 3. individuals with cells of more thanone genotyped. RNAi 4. the fate of early embryonic cells canbe altered by the environmente. ectopic expression 5. assign identity to body segmentsf. homeodomain 6. substance whose concentrationdetermines cell fatesg. green fluorescent 7. suppression of gene expression byprotein double-stranded RNAh. genetic mosaics 8. method for identifying pleiotropicgenesi. segmentation genes 9. a DNA-binding motif found incertain transcription factorsj. homeotic genes 10. encode proteins that accumulate inunfertilized eggs and are needed forembryo developmentk. morphogen 11. double mutant has phenotype of oneof the two mutantsl. maternal effect 12. a gene is turned on in an inappropriategenes tissue or at…
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Twist transcription factors (TF) play key roles in embryonic development and are largelyundetectable in normal adult tissues; however, their expression is reactivated during tumorprogression and correlates with invasive and metastatic lesions. Transcription of the Twistgene is activated by Wnt signals and the Twist TF represses the gene for E-cadherin.Answer the following questions as briefly as possible, based on what was presented in class,not an internet search (complex answers that go beyond class material may lose points)a. Outline the steps from the Wnt signal to the E-cadherin gene (inclusive);e.g., A → B → C (with some clarifications such as “binds to”, “activates”, “represses”)b. What are the normal cellular and embryonic (morphological) consequences of Twist expression?c. How would inappropriate expression contribute to cancer?
1) Explain what is the role of PTEN in the regulation of cell cycle/growth and how does it lead to cancer and gove one example of a cancer caused by mutation in the gene of PTEN protein and how doctors detected pten gene mutation in that cancer?
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(46) A mutated form of protein pox is found in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. In vitro studies show that the normal p5x molecule binds to DNA, and neoplastic cells accumulate in the G0 phase of the cell cycle. In contrast, the mutated form of p5x does not bind to DNA. These finding are most characteristics of which of the following? (A) Growht factor receptors (B) GTP-binding protein (C) Nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (D) Oncogene proteins (E) Tumor suppressor gene proteins
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