2. The below figure shows the results of magnetic particles inspection experiment. What can you conclude from it? d) Discuss which hysteresis is better to be used with the AC generator in the airplane. e) In general, describe the structural, elasticity and electrical properties of copper and the PVC insulator (polymeric) with reference to their material properties. f) How metals and non-metals (ceramics and polymers) could be degraded?

(a) Using Faraday's Law as a starting point prove that the maximum operating voltage of a transformer to avoid magnetic saturation is given by the following equation: Q3 Vrms=4.44N.f.Bmax.Ac where: Vrms = maximum rms operating voltage avoiding magnetic saturation N = number of turns in the winding f= electrical frequency (Hz) Bmax = maximum flux density (T) (typically 1.3T for iron) Ac = Iron core cross sectional area (m²) A single phase transformer has the parameters shown on Table Q3 and is connected to a 230 V and 50 Hz AC supply. Sketch the equivalent circuit and using this determine: (b) (i) The Secondary voltage under Open Circuit (Vsoc) (ii) The Secondary voltage, current and power (W) given a 0.6 Q resistive Load. (iii) The efficiency and voltage regulation at this load Through suitable calculations determine whether the size, weight or cost of this transformer could be reduced such that it operated below a maximum flux density of 1.3 T and the current density in both windings…

Figure 2 shows a magnetic material formed in a ring shape to investigate the phenomenon of residual flux density and coercive force induced. By using the coil; Figure 2 (i) construct a circuit diagram to investigate the phenomenon. (ii) investigate the residual flux density induced. (iii) with the aid of a suitable diagram, explain the phenomenon of cocrcive force as the result of the residual flux density.

What is an electrical transformer? Discuss basic principles of operation and applications of electrical transformers. Can you relate electromagnetic induction to the operation a transformer?

9. How does the concept of magnetic saturation impact the performance of transformers and inductors?