Advanced Engineering Mathematics
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780470458365
Author: Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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2. Prove the limit ratio test (Corollary 3.8 in the notes): Suppose \(\{a_n\}\) is a sequence of nonzero real numbers and

\[
r(n) = \left| \frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n} \right|.
\]

Suppose further that \(\lim_{n \to \infty} r(n) = L\). Show that

(i) If \(L < 1\), the series \(\sum a_n\) converges absolutely.

(ii) If \(L > 1\), the series \(\sum a_n\) diverges.

*Hint*: This is a Corollary to the ratio test (Theorem 3.6 in the notes), so you should be using the ratio test in your proof.
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Transcribed Image Text:2. Prove the limit ratio test (Corollary 3.8 in the notes): Suppose \(\{a_n\}\) is a sequence of nonzero real numbers and \[ r(n) = \left| \frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n} \right|. \] Suppose further that \(\lim_{n \to \infty} r(n) = L\). Show that (i) If \(L < 1\), the series \(\sum a_n\) converges absolutely. (ii) If \(L > 1\), the series \(\sum a_n\) diverges. *Hint*: This is a Corollary to the ratio test (Theorem 3.6 in the notes), so you should be using the ratio test in your proof.
**Theorem 3.6 (Ratio Test).** Let \( a_n \) be a sequence of nonzero real numbers and let

\[
r(n) = \left| \frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n} \right|.
\]

(i) If there exists \( c < 1 \) so that \( r(n) \leq c \) for all \( n \), then the series \( \sum a_n \) converges absolutely.

(ii) If \( r(n) \geq 1 \) for all \( n \), then the series \( \sum a_n \) diverges.
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Transcribed Image Text:**Theorem 3.6 (Ratio Test).** Let \( a_n \) be a sequence of nonzero real numbers and let \[ r(n) = \left| \frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n} \right|. \] (i) If there exists \( c < 1 \) so that \( r(n) \leq c \) for all \( n \), then the series \( \sum a_n \) converges absolutely. (ii) If \( r(n) \geq 1 \) for all \( n \), then the series \( \sum a_n \) diverges.
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