2. Predicting Life ExpectancyWe have attempted to predict a country's life expectancy based on the percent of government expenditure on health care, using a sample of fifty countries in the dataset SampCountries. We now add to the model the variables population (in millions), percentage with Internet, and birth rate (births per 1000). Note that the Internet value is missing for South Sudan, so the model is fit with the other 49 countries. The table below shows some computer output from fitting this model. . Estimate Std. Error t-value Pr ( > t ) (Intercept) 76.24 4.83 15.77 0.0000 Health 0.131 0.222 0.59 0.5557 Population -0.0003 0.0128 -0.03 0.9794 Internet 0.1118 0.0438 2.55 0.0142 BirthRate -0.594 0.122 -4.86 0.00002 Country Population Health BirthRate LifeExpectancy Iceland 0.324 15.76 13.4 83.1 Kazakhstan 17.035 10.90 22.7 70.5 Lesotho 2.074 14.48 27.5 49.3 Uzbekistan 30.243 9.68 22.5 68.2 Peru 30.376 14.75 19.7 74.8 Iraq 33.417 5.99 31.1 69.5 Nicaragua 6.080 20.89 22.7 74.8 Zambia 14.539 12.57 42.8 58.1 Guinea-Bissau 1.704 7.79 37.5 54.3 Romania 19.981 12.17 8.8 74.5 United States 316.129 20.71 12.5 78.8 Sierra Leone 6.092 11.41 36.6 45.6 Malta 0.423 13.29 9.5 80.7 Luxembourg 0.543 13.64 11.3 81.8 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.104 17.70 23.5 69.0 South Africa 53.157 14.02 20.9 56.7 Panama 3.864 12.79 19.4 77.6 Turkey 74.933 10.74 16.8 75.2 Nigeria 173.615 17.97 41.2 52.5 Hungary 9.894 10.23 9.2 75.3 Albania 2.897 9.85 12.9 77.5 Brunei Darussalam 0.418 7.42 15.5 78.6 Portugal 10.457 12.90 7.9 80.4 Comoros 0.735 7.55 35.2 60.9 Pakistan 182.143 4.73 25.2 66.6 Ethiopia 94.101 16.43 33.0 63.6 Belize 0.332 11.90 23.4 73.9 Sweden 9.600 14.98 11.8 81.7 Bulgaria 7.265 11.67 9.2 74.5 Botswana 2.021 8.75 23.6 47.4 Greece 11.028 11.66 8.5 80.6 Belarus 9.466 13.45 12.5 72.5 United Kingdom 64.107 16.18 12.2 81.0 Tunisia 10.887 13.33 19.8 73.6 Thailand 67.011 17.01 10.2 74.4 Croatia 4.256 12.67 9.4 77.1 Colombia 48.321 16.05 18.8 74.0 Samoa 0.190 17.00 26.2 73.3 Cuba 11.266 13.40 9.5 79.2 Guyana 0.800 13.87 20.3 66.2 South Sudan 11.296 4.00 36.1 55.2 Cote d'Ivoire 20.316 8.51 36.6 50.8 Burkina Faso 16.935 13.52 40.9 56.3 Malaysia 29.717 5.88 17.7 75.0 Australia 23.129 17.75 13.2 82.2 Indonesia 249.866 6.63 18.8 70.8 Kenya 44.354 5.85 34.9 61.7 Ireland 4.598 14.07 15.0 81.0 Grenada 0.106 9.56 19.3 72.7 Korea, Rep. 50.220 11.50 8.6 81.5 a) Which of the variables which are significant at the 5% level? b) Which variable is the most significant predictor of life expectancy in this model? c) Predict the life expectancy of a country that spends 20% of government expenditures on health care, has a population of 2,600,000 , for which 70% of people have access to the Internet, and the birth rate is 33 births per 1000. (Note: government expenditures and people with access to the Internet should be put in as percentage, population as a number in millions and birth rate as a number of births per 1000.) Round your answer to two decimal places.
Unitary Method
The word “unitary” comes from the word “unit”, which means a single and complete entity. In this method, we find the value of a unit product from the given number of products, and then we solve for the other number of products.
Speed, Time, and Distance
Imagine you and 3 of your friends are planning to go to the playground at 6 in the evening. Your house is one mile away from the playground and one of your friends named Jim must start at 5 pm to reach the playground by walk. The other two friends are 3 miles away.
Profit and Loss
The amount earned or lost on the sale of one or more items is referred to as the profit or loss on that item.
Units and Measurements
Measurements and comparisons are the foundation of science and engineering. We, therefore, need rules that tell us how things are measured and compared. For these measurements and comparisons, we perform certain experiments, and we will need the experiments to set up the devices.
2. Predicting Life Expectancy
We have attempted to predict a country's life expectancy based on the percent of government expenditure on health care, using a sample of fifty countries in the dataset SampCountries. We now add to the model the variables population (in millions), percentage with Internet, and birth rate (births per 1000). Note that the Internet value is missing for South Sudan, so the model is fit with the other 49 countries. The table below shows some computer output from fitting this model.
. | Estimate | Std. Error | t-value | Pr ( > t ) |
---|
(Intercept) | 76.24 | 4.83 | 15.77 | 0.0000 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Health | 0.131 | 0.222 | 0.59 | 0.5557 |
Population | -0.0003 | 0.0128 | -0.03 | 0.9794 |
Internet | 0.1118 | 0.0438 | 2.55 | 0.0142 |
BirthRate | -0.594 | 0.122 | -4.86 | 0.00002 |
Country | Population | Health | BirthRate | LifeExpectancy |
Iceland | 0.324 | 15.76 | 13.4 | 83.1 |
Kazakhstan | 17.035 | 10.90 | 22.7 | 70.5 |
Lesotho | 2.074 | 14.48 | 27.5 | 49.3 |
Uzbekistan | 30.243 | 9.68 | 22.5 | 68.2 |
Peru | 30.376 | 14.75 | 19.7 | 74.8 |
Iraq | 33.417 | 5.99 | 31.1 | 69.5 |
Nicaragua | 6.080 | 20.89 | 22.7 | 74.8 |
Zambia | 14.539 | 12.57 | 42.8 | 58.1 |
Guinea-Bissau | 1.704 | 7.79 | 37.5 | 54.3 |
Romania | 19.981 | 12.17 | 8.8 | 74.5 |
United States | 316.129 | 20.71 | 12.5 | 78.8 |
Sierra Leone | 6.092 | 11.41 | 36.6 | 45.6 |
Malta | 0.423 | 13.29 | 9.5 | 80.7 |
Luxembourg | 0.543 | 13.64 | 11.3 | 81.8 |
Micronesia, Fed. Sts. | 0.104 | 17.70 | 23.5 | 69.0 |
South Africa | 53.157 | 14.02 | 20.9 | 56.7 |
Panama | 3.864 | 12.79 | 19.4 | 77.6 |
Turkey | 74.933 | 10.74 | 16.8 | 75.2 |
Nigeria | 173.615 | 17.97 | 41.2 | 52.5 |
Hungary | 9.894 | 10.23 | 9.2 | 75.3 |
Albania | 2.897 | 9.85 | 12.9 | 77.5 |
Brunei Darussalam | 0.418 | 7.42 | 15.5 | 78.6 |
Portugal | 10.457 | 12.90 | 7.9 | 80.4 |
Comoros | 0.735 | 7.55 | 35.2 | 60.9 |
Pakistan | 182.143 | 4.73 | 25.2 | 66.6 |
Ethiopia | 94.101 | 16.43 | 33.0 | 63.6 |
Belize | 0.332 | 11.90 | 23.4 | 73.9 |
Sweden | 9.600 | 14.98 | 11.8 | 81.7 |
Bulgaria | 7.265 | 11.67 | 9.2 | 74.5 |
Botswana | 2.021 | 8.75 | 23.6 | 47.4 |
Greece | 11.028 | 11.66 | 8.5 | 80.6 |
Belarus | 9.466 | 13.45 | 12.5 | 72.5 |
United Kingdom | 64.107 | 16.18 | 12.2 | 81.0 |
Tunisia | 10.887 | 13.33 | 19.8 | 73.6 |
Thailand | 67.011 | 17.01 | 10.2 | 74.4 |
Croatia | 4.256 | 12.67 | 9.4 | 77.1 |
Colombia | 48.321 | 16.05 | 18.8 | 74.0 |
Samoa | 0.190 | 17.00 | 26.2 | 73.3 |
Cuba | 11.266 | 13.40 | 9.5 | 79.2 |
Guyana | 0.800 | 13.87 | 20.3 | 66.2 |
South Sudan | 11.296 | 4.00 | 36.1 | 55.2 |
Cote d'Ivoire | 20.316 | 8.51 | 36.6 | 50.8 |
Burkina Faso | 16.935 | 13.52 | 40.9 | 56.3 |
Malaysia | 29.717 | 5.88 | 17.7 | 75.0 |
Australia | 23.129 | 17.75 | 13.2 | 82.2 |
Indonesia | 249.866 | 6.63 | 18.8 | 70.8 |
Kenya | 44.354 | 5.85 | 34.9 | 61.7 |
Ireland | 4.598 | 14.07 | 15.0 | 81.0 |
Grenada | 0.106 | 9.56 | 19.3 | 72.7 |
Korea, Rep. | 50.220 | 11.50 | 8.6 | 81.5 |
a) Which of the variables which are significant at the 5% level?
b) Which variable is the most significant predictor of life expectancy in this model?
c) Predict the life expectancy of a country that spends 20% of government expenditures on health care, has a population of 2,600,000 , for which 70% of people have access to the Internet, and the birth rate is 33 births per 1000. (Note: government expenditures and people with access to the Internet should be put in as percentage, population as a number in millions and birth rate as a number of births per 1000.) Round your answer to two decimal places.
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