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2. Name four ways in which external anatomy of bony fish are adapted to their
watery environment
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- 1. Observe the behavior of the live goldfish. Note the movement of the operculum. What is its function? Does a shark have an operculum? 2. Examine the model of the bony fish. Compare the fins, shape of the tail, scales and other external features with the shark. How do the fins of fish contribute to the evolutionary story of animals evolving to life on land? 1. Observe and compare the features of the amphibian specimens. 2. The frog will be used to review vertebrate anatomy. Begin by examining the thin skin of the frog. How does it compare to the skin of a reptile? Would the frogs skin help protect it against water loss? How is the frog able to supply its body tissues with enough oxygen even if there is some mixing of oxygenated deoxygenated blood? Amphibian, literally means “living on both sides”. Explain why amphibians have that name. What characteristics do reptiles have that make them more suited for terrestrial life than amphibians? Why are birds thought of as flying…5. Describe four different uses for thoracic appendages seen in different crustaceans. Use specific examples (name the corresponding taxonomic group). Relate the morphology of the appendage to its function.2. Describe, compare and contrast movements in the major annelid groups: surface crawling in polychaetes, burrowing in oligochaetes, and "inch- worming" in hirudineans. Be sure to address: means of attaching to substrate, muscles employed, and the role of parapodia, setae, and the coelom.
- 2. Compare the anatomy of the butterfly and bird wing below. 1. butterfly wing bird wing What is the function of each of these structures? 2. How are they different in anatomical form? Give specific differences. 1 Compare the overall body structure of the cave fish and the minnow below. ******** cave fish **** ** minnow 2) 7.143 SVAT 1. Notice that the Cave Fish's eye. Cave fish have eyes, but they do not work. Based on the species name, why does it not need to be able to see? sto vid Does the appearance of the cavefish and the minnow suggest a common ancestry? Why? 3. Assume the two fish came from the same common ancestor. Why might the cave fish have evolved without eyesight? In your explanation use the following terms: trait, inherited, natural selection. What kind of alternative sensory adaptation would you hypothesize the cave fish has to allow it to navigate a cave without sight, including catching and eating food?1. a. Explain why reptiles are more successful than amphibians on land. b. Explain how sharks and bony fish differ with respect to neutral buoyancy, skeleton and osmoregulation4. Describe how the scales are arranged on the trunk & tail of a tilapia.5. Explain how the swim bladder controls buoyancy.
- 1. Is there a male or female crayfish? 2. How many swimmerets does a crayfish have? 3. How many rows of gills does the crayfish have? Where do the gills attach? 4. Where can find the stomach and the digestive glands of crayfish? What does the stomach attach to directly? 5. Locate the green glands. What is the function of this structure?1. What are the external parts and function of shark? 2. What are the external parts and function of lamprey? 3. What are the external parts and function of chicken?1. Briefly discuss the components of the shark’s vertebral column i.e. different sections, parts of the typical vertebra, and type of centrum. 2. Briefly discuss the basic components of the shark’s visceral skeleton. 3. Differentiate the basic parts of the shark’s pectoral girdle and pectoral fins with the pelvic girdle and pelvic fins.
- 10.Create a phylogenetic tree that shows the evolution of the Vertebrate Appendicular System1. Draw an annotated diagram of a crayfish (one external picture and one internal picture), making sure to identify/label and clearly show the following: head, thorax, abdomen, cephalothorax, carapace, antennae, green glands, compound eyes, walking legs, pinching claws, digestive tract, mouth, anus, brain, heart, gonad (choose male or female and label accordingly), muscle, and exoskeleton.1. What is the function of the gill rakers?2. Explain how gas exchange occurs at the gills.3. What is the function of the lateral line?4. Describe how the scales are arranged on the trunk & tail of a tilapia.5. Explain how the swim bladder controls buoyancy.
