2. Estimate the permeability of a bed of sand with spherical particles Qp = 0.3 mm and porosity of 30%. Compare this to the value for sand from Table 11.1 (below). TABLE 11.1 Typical permeabilities of solids Material Well-sorted gravel Sand and gravel Very fine sand and silt Typical oil or gas reservoir rock "Tight" oil or gas reservoir rock Sidewalk cement Granite Permeability, ml) 107-108 10¹-10° 1-1000 100-10 000 0.001-0.1 0.01-0.1 0.0001-0.001

A 40% (volume) suspension of spherical sand particles in an oil has a hindered settling velocity of 3.25 µm/s. If the Richardson-Zaki hindered settling index is 4.5 then, the terminal velocity of a sand grain is: a) 0.326 µm/s b) 1.25 µm/s c) 2 µm/s d) 0.8 µm/s

Sketch two graphs, the first for a solid that's solubility is increasing as a function of temperature, and the second for a solid whose solubility decrease as a function of temperature. Be sure to label each axis

1. Summary the classification of pores 2. Summary the factors affecting porosity

2. The true density of the solid material in an activated alumina particle is 3.675 g/cm3. The density of the particle determined by mercury displacement is 1.547 g/cm3. The surface area (Sg) by adsorption measurement is 175 m²/g. The bulk density of bed (which is defined as mass of catalyst particle per volume of reactor bed) is 0.81 g/cm³. From this information, Determine, a) the pore (void) volume per gram, b) the porosity of the particles, c) the mean pore radius (ā), d) what fraction of the total volume of the bed is void space between the particles, e) what fraction of the total volume of the bed is void within the particles

in a 2-hour carburizing treatment, what temperature is required to obtain a 0.5% concentration of carbon at a depth of 0.5 mm below the surface of steel with a carbon concentration of 0.2%?considers that the inert gas used is enriched with carbon atoms at a concentration of 1.10% and that iron has an fcc structure

1.a)What is the effect of surface roughness on interfacial strength? How does it depend on wettability? b)Why does chemical bonding typically result in stronger interfaces compared to mechanical bonding?