2. Consider the following Bayesian game with two players. Both players move simultaneously and player 1 can choose either H or L, while player 2's options are G, M, and D. With probability 1/2 the payoffs are given by "Game 1" : D H 1,2 1,0 1,3 L 2,4 0,0 0,5 and with probability 1/2 the payoffs are according to "Game 2": GMD H 1,2 1,3 1,0 L 2,4 0,5 0,0 (a) Find the Nash Equilibria when neither player knows which game is actually played. (b) Assume now that player 2 knows which one among the two games is actually being played. Check that the game has a unique Bayesian Nash Equilibrium.
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- 3. Consider the game below. С1 C2 C3 R1 1, 1 4, 6 8, 5 1, 2 5, 4 R2 R3 2, 6 2, 7 7, 6 0, 7 3.1. Does the game have any pure strategy NEs? 3.2. Check whether a mixed strategy NE exists in which A is mixing R1 and R2 with positive probabilities, playing R3 with zero probability, while B is mixing C1 and C3 with positive probabilities while playing C2 with zero probability. [Let (p1,P2, P3) be the probabilities with which A plays (R1, R2,R3) and let (q1,92, 93) be the probabilities with which B plays (C1, C2,C3). Make use of the following NE test: m* is a NE if for every player i, u;(mị , m²¿) = u;(Si, m²¡) for every si E S¡|m¡(sji) > 0 and u¡(m¡ ,m²¡) > u¡(s¡,m;) for every si E S¡ |m¡ (s¡) = 0. Hint: Each player must be indifferent between those of her pure strategies that are used (with positive probability) in her mixed strategy, and unused strategies must not yield a payoff that is higher than the payoff a player gets with her NE (mixed) strategy.] %3DPlayer 2 C D A Player 1 2,3 В 6, —2 | 4, 3 7,8 Select the value corresponding to the probability with which player 2 plays C in the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium: O 1/8 O 1/6 1/5 O 1/4 1/3 1/2 2/3 O 3/4 4/5 O 5/6Consider the game shown in Figure 3. Let A denote the probability that player 1 plays a, B the probability that player 1 plays b, C the probability that player I plays e, and D the probability that player I plays d. For player 2 X denotes the probability that player 2 plays x, Ý that he/she plays y, and Z that he she plays z. Figure 3 Player 2 O 3,7 4,6 5,4 b5,1 2,3 1,2 C 2,3 | 1,4 | 3,3 d 4,2 1,3 6,1 Player 1 In a NE what is: C, the probability that player 1 plays e a. Z, the probability that player 2 plays z b. D, the probability that player 1 plays d с. d. X, the probability that player 2 plays x e. A, the probability that player 1 plays a
- Exercise 6.8. Consider the following extensive-form game with cardinal payoffs: 1 R O player pay 000 2 1 M 3 b 010 O player 3's payoff 1 2 221 2 000 0 0 (a) Find all the pure-strategy Nash equilibria. Which ones are also subgame perfect? (b) [This is a more challenging question] Prove that there is no mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium where Player 1 plays Mwith probability strictly between 0 and 1.Consider the game shown in Figure 3. Let A denote the probability that player I plays a, B the probability that player 1 plays b, C the probability that player I plays e, and D the probability that player I plays d. For player 2 X denotes the probability that player 2 plays x, Ý that he/she plays y, and Z that he she plays z. Figure 3 Player 2 O 3,7 4,6 5,4 b 5,1 2,3 1,2 c 2,3 1,4 3,3 d 4,2 1,3 6,1 Player 1 In a NE what is: C, the probability that player 1 plays e a. Z, the probability that player 2 plays z b. D, the probability that player 1 plays d c. d. X, the probability that player 2 plays x e. A, the probability that player 1 plays aYou and a coworker are assigned a team project on which your likelihood or a promotion will be decidedon. It is now the night before the project is due and neither has yet to start it. You both want toreceive a promotion next year, but you both also want to go to your company’s holiday party that night.Each of you wants to maximize his or her own happiness (likelihood of a promotion and mingling withyour colleagues “on the company’s dime”). If you both work, you deliver an outstanding presentation.If you both go to the party, your presentation is mediocre. If one parties and the other works, yourpresentation is above average. Partying increases happiness by 25 units. Working on the project addszero units to happiness. Happiness is also affected by your chance of a promotion, which is depends on howgood your project is. An outstanding presentation gives 40 units of happiness to each of you; an aboveaverage presentation gives 30 units of happiness; a mediocre presentation gives 10 units…
- Consider the following payoff matrix. L C R U 6, 3 3, 4 7, 2 1 D 3, 4 | 6, 2 8, 1 What is the probability that Player 1 plays U at the Nash equilibrium of this game? (a) 2/3 (b) 1/2 (c) 1/3 (d) 1/4 (e) None of the above optionsConsider a situation of after-match penalty shoot-out. The striker can target either East or West side of the goal. If he targets West, with 80% chance he shoots on target. If he shoots East, he is accurate with 75%. The goalkeeper has to choose the corner to jump to. If he does not guess the corner correctly and the shot is on target, then the striker scores. If the striker shoots West, the shot is on target and the goalkeeperjumps West, then with 75% chance he saves the goal. If the striker shoots East, the shot is on target and the goalkeeper jumps East, then with chance of 2/3 he saves the goal. Suppose, that it is a zero-sum game and if the striker scores his payoff is 1, otherwise it is 0.1. Formulate this situation as a strategic game and Find all Nash equilibria of the game.7. N [0.75] B A [0.25] 1 E F 6 2 J K J K 12 3 9. 6 6. 1 In equilibrium, what is the probability that player 1 will use the pure strategy E in this game?
- a W 3,5 3,4 8,4 0,0 3,3 8,9 y 0,1 5,9 9,8 Describe a strategy for player 1 that dominates x. O (1/3.0. 2/3) 1.0,0) O01.1) toConsider the following game. Player S DE F A 10, 10 8, 7 8, 8 Player R B 8,7 9, 8 9, 12 C 9,8 7, 10 12, 7 Find the best response of step-2 Player S assuming that step-0 players (either Ror S) choose the strategy at random with equal probability. Select one: O a. F O b. E O c. B O d. A O e. C O f. D(b) Consider the simultaneous-move game below with two players, 1 and 2. Each player has two pure strategies. If a player plays both strategies with strictly positive probability, we call it a strictly mixed strategy for that player. Show that there is no Nash equilibrium in which both 1 and 2 play a strictly mixed strategy. Player 2 b₁ b₂ Player 1 a₁ 3,0 0,1 a2 2,1 2,1