2 mel 2) How much NaCl must be dissolved in 1.00 kg of water (K = 1.86°C/m) to lower the freezing point of the solution to -10.00 °C? Answer: 1575 ATmsolut i Kr

Will red blood cells swell, remain the same size, or shrink when placed in each of the solutions in Problem 8-102?

6-18 Suppose you prepare a solution by dissolving glucose in water. Which is the solvent, and which is the solute?

Arrange the following solutions in order by their decreasing freezing points: 0.1 m Na3PO4, 0.1 m C2H5OH, 0.01 m CO2, 0.151 m NaCI, and 0.21 m cacI2.

The freezing point of a 0.21 m aqueous solution of H2SO4 is -0.796C. (a) What is i? (b) Is the solution made up primarily of (i) H2SO4 molecules only? (ii) H+ and HSO4- ions? (iii) 2H+ and 1SO42- ions?

Explain why solutions of HBr in benzene (a nonpolar solvent) are nonconductive, while solutions in water (a polar solvent) are conductive.

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly used to melt ice on roads during the winter. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is sometimes used for this purpose too. Let us compare the effectiveness of equal masses of these two compounds in lowering the freezing point of water, by calculating the freezing point depression of solutions containing 200. g of each salt in 1.00 kg of water. (An advantage of CaCl2 is that it acts more quickly because it is hygroscopic, that is. it absorbs moisture from the air to give a solution and begin the process. A disadvantage is that this compound is more costly.)

6-74 An osmotic semipermeable membrane that allows only water to pass separates two compartments, A and B. Compartment A contains 0.9% NaCI, and compartment B contains 3% glycerol C3H8O3. (a) In which compartment will the level of solution rise? (b) Which compartment (if either) has the higher osmotic pressure?

From the data presented in Figure 12.11, determine which has the more positive enthalpy of solution: NaCl or NH4Cl. Explain.

6-113 List the following aqueous solutions in order of decreasing freezing point: 0.040 M glycerin (C3H8O3) 0.025 M NaBr, and 0.015 M AI(NO3)3 Assume complete dissociation of any salts.