** 16.3 (Traffic lights) Write a program that simulates a traffic light. The program lets the user select one of three lights: red, yellow, or green. When a radio but- ton is selected, the light is turned on. Only one light can be on at a time (see Figure 16.37a). No light is on when the program starts. Exercise16_03 -O|x|| Exercise16_04 Exercise16_05 Dedmal 15 Mile Нех Kilometer 1.602307322544464 Binary 1111 Red Yellow Green (a) (b) (c) FIGURE 16.37 (a) The radio buttons are grouped to let you turn only one light on at a time. (b) The program

7.13 LAB: Vending machine   Given two integers as user inputs that represent the number of drinks to buy and the number of bottles to restock, create a VendingMachine object that performs the following operations: Purchases input number of drinks Restocks input number of bottles Reports inventory A VendingMachine's initial inventory is 20 drinks. Ex: If the input is: 5 2 the output is: Inventory: 17 bottles   GIVEN:   class VendingMachine:    def __init__(self):        self.bottles = 20            def purchase(self, amount):        self.bottles = self.bottles - amount          def restock(self, amount):        self.bottles = self.bottles + amount        def get_inventory(self):        return self.bottles            def report(self):        print('Inventory: {} bottles'.format(self.bottles)) if __name__ == "__main__":    # TODO: Create VendingMachine object    # TODO: Purchase input number of drinks    # TODO: Restock input number of bottles    # TODO: Report inventory

Please read instructions carefully:

21.7 LAB: Login name (Use python)   Write a program that creates a login name for a user, given the user's first name, last name, and a four-digit integer as input. Output the login name, which is made up of the first five letters of the last name, followed by the first letter of the first name, and then the last two digits of the number (use the % operator). If the last name has less than five letters, then use all letters of the last name.   Ex: If the input is: Michael Jordan 1991   the output is: Your login name: JordaM91   Ex: If the input is: Kanye West 2024   the output is: Your login name: WestK24

6.26 LAB: Exact change - functions   Write a program with total change amount as an integer input that outputs the change using the fewest coins, one coin type per line. The coin types are dollars, quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies. Use singular and plural coin names as appropriate, like 1 penny vs. 2 pennies. Ex: If the input is: 0 or less, the output is: no change Ex: If the input is: 45 the output is: 1 quarter 2 dimes   Your program must define and call the following function. The function exact_change() should return num_dollars, num_quarters, num_dimes, num_nickels, and num_pennies. def exact_change(user_total)   Use Python, please.

5.16 LAB: Cryptographic Hashing Algorithms   Encryption methods, such as the Caesar Cipher encryption, allow us to encrypt and decrypt text using a special key. Another method of encrypting text / passwords is called hashing. Hashing uses special algorithms to 'scramble' the text, which is tougher to be hacked. The hash function can take numbers, letters, and symbols as input, then the function applies one of the special algorithms to output the scrambled text. The longer the output string is, the harder to hack the hashed data. The difference between hashing and the Caesar Cipher encryption is that one cannot 'decrypt' a hashed data to its original text. Since a hashed data cannot be decrypted, a user must enter the original text, which will be hashed by the program. Then the program compares the hashed value with the hashed data stored previously for the original text. A salt is used, at times, to create a random sequence that is added to the original text before using the hashing…

1.37 Basic output with variables (Java) This zyLab activity is intended for students to prepare for a larger programming assignment Warm up exercises are typically simpler and worth fewer points than a full programming assignment. Warm up exercises are ideally suited for an in-person scheduled lab meeting or as self-practice. The last section provides a full programming assignment A variable like userNum can store a value like an integer Extend the given program to print UserNum values as indicated (Submit for 2 points) (1) Output the users input Enter integer: 4 You entered: 4 (2) Extend to output the input squared and cubed Hint Compute squared as userNum UserNum (Submit for 2 points, so 4 points total) Enter integer: 4 You entered: 4 4 squared is 16 And 4 cubed is 64!! (3) Extend to get a second user input into userNum2. Output sum and product (Submit for 1 point, so 5 points total) Enter integer: 4 You entered: 4. 4 squared is 16 And 4 cubed is 64!! Enter another integer: 5 4+ 5 18…

19.3 LAB: Hailstone sequence Given a positive integer n, the following rules will always create a sequence that ends with 1, called the hailstone sequence: If n is even, divide it by 2 If n is odd, multiply it by 3 and add 1 (i.e. 3n +1) Continue until n is 1 Write a program that reads an integer as input and prints the hailstone sequence starting with the integer entered. Format the output so that ten integers, each separated by a tab character (\t), are printed per line. The output format can be achieved as follows:print(n, end='\t') Ex: If the input is: 25 the output is: 25 76 38 19 58 29 88 44 22 11 34 17 52 26 13 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1   Use Python, please.