Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114671
Author: Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Question

Please help me with the proteins and DNA section of the worksheet brliw

ܝܚܕ ܟܕ ܚ ܥܛܕ 4. 4. 2. 3. 1. Polysaccharides 2. 3. 4. DNA 1. SCH 4U0 NATURAL POLYMERS – INDEPENDENT STUDY As living things, we are a collection of complex organic molecules. Being made of over 70% water, the problem of solubility is a serious one. Keep in mind how these organic molecules are structured to enhance their solubility. Use pages 124-127 to help you answer these questions in your notes. Be sure to use complete sentences and diagrams to help summarize relevant information. Proteins What is the name of the monomer that all polysaccharides are composed of? What is the predominant functional group in a polysaccharide? What type of covalent linkage connects the monomers? Compare and contrast the structure and function of starch and glycogen. What is the name of the monomer that all proteins are composed of? What are the predominant functional groups in proteins? What type of covalent linkage connects the monomers? Sketch the two amino acids on page 126. Contrast the polarity of the side chains. What is the name of the monomer that DNA is composed of? What is the predominant functional groups in DNA? The covalent linkage between nucleotides is called a phosphodiester bond. Sketch this linkage. What type of bond connects the two strands of the DNA double helix?
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Transcribed Image Text:ܝܚܕ ܟܕ ܚ ܥܛܕ 4. 4. 2. 3. 1. Polysaccharides 2. 3. 4. DNA 1. SCH 4U0 NATURAL POLYMERS – INDEPENDENT STUDY As living things, we are a collection of complex organic molecules. Being made of over 70% water, the problem of solubility is a serious one. Keep in mind how these organic molecules are structured to enhance their solubility. Use pages 124-127 to help you answer these questions in your notes. Be sure to use complete sentences and diagrams to help summarize relevant information. Proteins What is the name of the monomer that all polysaccharides are composed of? What is the predominant functional group in a polysaccharide? What type of covalent linkage connects the monomers? Compare and contrast the structure and function of starch and glycogen. What is the name of the monomer that all proteins are composed of? What are the predominant functional groups in proteins? What type of covalent linkage connects the monomers? Sketch the two amino acids on page 126. Contrast the polarity of the side chains. What is the name of the monomer that DNA is composed of? What is the predominant functional groups in DNA? The covalent linkage between nucleotides is called a phosphodiester bond. Sketch this linkage. What type of bond connects the two strands of the DNA double helix?
Figure 2.27 There are 20 common amino acids found in proteins, each with a different side group. Proteins As described earlier in Section 1, a protein is a natural polymer that is composed of monomers called amino acids. Proteins carry out many important functions in the such as speeding up chemical reactions (enzymes), transporting oxygen in the blood (hemoglobin), and regulating body responses (hormones). Figure 2.27 shows two of the amide linkages form between amino acids to make proteins. The cell's DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins and this sequence determines the structure and function of the protein. 126 MHR Unit 1 Organic Chemistry 0 CH₂ S H O | || H₂N-C-C-OH DNA DNA (short for deoxyribonucleic acid) is a biological molecule found in cell nuclei that codes for the amino acid sequence in all proteins of an organism and ultimately controls cellular development and function. Each strand of DNA is a polymer composed of repeating units called nucleotides. As seen in Figure 2.28, nucleotides have three sugar (labelled S), a phosphate group (P), and a cyclic organic molecule containing nitrogen known as a nitrogenous base. Through condensation polymerization, the nucleotide is linked to the phosphate group of the next to form a strand of DNA. parts: a sugar of one S S CH₂ COOH H aspartic acid 0.***..H-N N-HN D N-H*******0 N******H-N O*******H-N 1 H S CH₂ O=(P Η Ο 1 11 H₂N-C-C-OH I CH₂ S phenylalanine Figure 2.28 Four different bases are found in DNA. The sequence of these bases is the code that determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins. Hydrogen bonds link complementary nitrogenous bases in two strands of DNA to form a double helix.
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Transcribed Image Text:Figure 2.27 There are 20 common amino acids found in proteins, each with a different side group. Proteins As described earlier in Section 1, a protein is a natural polymer that is composed of monomers called amino acids. Proteins carry out many important functions in the such as speeding up chemical reactions (enzymes), transporting oxygen in the blood (hemoglobin), and regulating body responses (hormones). Figure 2.27 shows two of the amide linkages form between amino acids to make proteins. The cell's DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins and this sequence determines the structure and function of the protein. 126 MHR Unit 1 Organic Chemistry 0 CH₂ S H O | || H₂N-C-C-OH DNA DNA (short for deoxyribonucleic acid) is a biological molecule found in cell nuclei that codes for the amino acid sequence in all proteins of an organism and ultimately controls cellular development and function. Each strand of DNA is a polymer composed of repeating units called nucleotides. As seen in Figure 2.28, nucleotides have three sugar (labelled S), a phosphate group (P), and a cyclic organic molecule containing nitrogen known as a nitrogenous base. Through condensation polymerization, the nucleotide is linked to the phosphate group of the next to form a strand of DNA. parts: a sugar of one S S CH₂ COOH H aspartic acid 0.***..H-N N-HN D N-H*******0 N******H-N O*******H-N 1 H S CH₂ O=(P Η Ο 1 11 H₂N-C-C-OH I CH₂ S phenylalanine Figure 2.28 Four different bases are found in DNA. The sequence of these bases is the code that determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins. Hydrogen bonds link complementary nitrogenous bases in two strands of DNA to form a double helix.
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