12.Use of KMnO4 to effect oxidative cleave of the alkene J, C¿H16, yields two fragments, one of which is butanoic acid and the other a ketone, Q. When J reacts with one molar equivalent of H-Cl, the alkyl halide K, C3H1,Cl, is formed. What are the structures of J, J, and Q? Write all the reactions, and show your reasoning.

This molecule reacts with HBr to form an alkyl halide. Would this reaction be sn1 or Sn2 and explain the reasoning

CH3 H НС— С—С—С—ОН H NH, Valine is one of the 20 amino acids used to form proteins, it contains both a carboxylic acid group and an amino group. Draw the structure of valine as it would appear at pH 7. • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. P. opy aste

a-pinene When a-pinene reacts with 1. BH3; 2. H₂O2, NaOH, H₂O 4 possible cis,trans isomers can be formed, but one of these is formed more readily than the others. Draw the structure of this preferred isomer. • Use the wedge/hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists. • To aid you in your drawing, the structure of a-pinene is provided for you in the drawing palette.

Draw a structural formula for butanoic acid. • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. ● 0-0 Ste 9-85 // CH4 to access importan [ ] کر ? ChemDoodleⓇ

"A research team synthesizes a novel organic compound 'X' with the molecular formula C5H8O2. When 'X' is treated with a deuterated acid (D2O), a single deuterium atom replaces a hydrogen atom, forming compound 'Y' (C5H7DO2). 'X' does not react with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNP) but does react with both Tollens' reagent and Benedict's solution, forming a silver mirror and a red precipitate, respectively. Furthermore, 'X' undergoes catalytic hydrogenation over a palladium catalyst, consuming one mole of hydrogen to form a compound 'Z' (C5H10O2). Based on these observations, what is the most likely structure of compound 'X'?" A. Methyl vinyl ketone B. 3-Buten-2-one C. Acetoacetic ester D. 2-Hydroxypent-3-enal

dont provide handwritinng solution...

The energy difference between a tert-butyl group going from equatorial to axial in a cyclohexane is 18.3 kJ/mol. When two of the carbon atoms are replaced with oxygen atoms (molecule B) the energy difference between the two chair conformations drops to 5.9 kJ/mol. Explain this difference. (Hint: Consider what makes putting groups axial unfavorable).

(a) • All hydrogen atoms are implied. • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • Omit lone pairs and radical electrons from your answer. 3-ethyl-3-pentanol Draw the structure of the alkene that was used to prepare the alcohol in highest yield. -8) O GA + H₂C * Cat CH₂ ? ChemDoodle Which process does this employ? 01. Hg(OAc)2, H₂O; 2. NaBH4 01. BH3; 2. H₂O2, NaOH OOSO4, H₂O2 Y

12. Which of the following carbocations is the least stable one? 13. The heats of complete hydrogenation of the following three hydrocarbons are 105, 116, 275 and 292 (in kJ/mol). Which hydrocarbon does feature the heat of hydrogenation of 292 kJ/mol?