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Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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
Transcribed Image Text:### Phase Transition in a Substance
**Question:**
A substance is initially at 301 K and 1.01 bar (pressure unit). What phase transition occurs when the temperature changes to 201 K at constant pressure?
**Graph Explanation:**
The graph represents the phase diagram of a substance, showcasing the phases it will be in under different temperatures and pressure conditions. The y-axis represents the pressure in bar (not to scale) and the x-axis represents the temperature in Kelvin (K).
- **Regions:**
- The region labeled "Solid" represents the solid phase.
- The region labeled "Liquid" represents the liquid phase.
- The region labeled "Vapor" represents the vapor (gaseous) phase.
**Key Points:**
- The triple point is where all three phases coexist in equilibrium.
- The graph exhibits the boundaries between different phases.
**Current State:**
The substance is initially at 301 K and 1.01 bar, which is in the "Liquid" region.
**Temperature Change:**
When the temperature is lowered to 201 K while maintaining a constant pressure of 1.01 bar, the substance moves into the "Solid" region.
**Phase Transition:**
The phase transition that occurs is indicated by the movement from the liquid region to the solid region on the phase diagram.
**Multiple Choice Answer Options:**
- Freezing
- Sublimation
- Condensation
- Vaporization
**Correct Answer:**
- **Freezing**: The substance transitions from a liquid phase to a solid phase at constant pressure when the temperature is lowered from 301 K to 201 K.
### Educational Content: Understanding Phase Transitions
In this example, the process of freezing is explained using a phase diagram. The transition occurs due to a decrease in temperature while maintaining a constant pressure, leading to a change in the phase from liquid to solid. This is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics and is critical in understanding material properties and their applications in various fields such as chemistry, physics, and engineering.
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