12. Which environment is more dangerous to an endotherm? one above its critical temperature b. one that matches its critical temperature one below its critical temperature d. A and B e. none of the above 13. Metabolic homeostasis concerns the thyroid gland. The thyroid is regulated by feedback loops involving which of the following? a. the pituitary gland b. the hypothalamus, pancreas and four hormones c. the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland and three hormones d. the islets of Langerhans and three hormones e. the pituitary gland and two hormones 14. The sodium pump operates in which part of the nephron? a. Bowman's capsule b. collecting tubule c. adipose capsule d. proximal convoluted tubule e. loop of Henle 15. Where are excess hydrogen ions removed from the body? a. in the distal tubules after a reaction with glucose b. in the distal tubules after a reaction with urea c. in the nephron during a reaction with aldosterone d. in the lungs during a reaction with aldosterone e. in the lungs after reaction with bicarbonate ions

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Learning and memory

Learning is defined as a relatively permanent and irreversible adaptive change in behavior. It always results from experience. The ability of an organism to store and recall the effects, sensations, and knowledge gained through learning and experience is called memory.