12. A partially interconnected three-stage network as shown in Figure 5.14 consists of switches of size 10 x 10 and connects 1000 incoming trunks to 1000 outgoing trunks. The outgoing trunks serve ten routes, each having one trunk connected to each tertiary switch. (a) (i) Compare the number of crosspoints in the network with the number required by a three-stage fully interconnected network with the same number of incoming and outgoing trunks. (ii) What advantage would the fully interconnected network have over that shown in Figure 5.14? (b) (i) Assuming that the traffic is evenly distributed over the incoming and outgoing trunks, determine the grade of service when each incoming trunk originates 0.6 E of traffic. (ii) If the total traffic offered to the network is unchanged but the traffic offered to one primary switch increases by 20%, find the grade of service for these calls. (iii) If the total traffic offered to the network is unchanged but the traffic offered to one outgoing route increases by 20%, find the grade of service for calls offered to that route. N = n³ outgoing trunks n n primary switches NA-links n secondary switches NB-links ntertiary switches Х nxn Х nxn ✗ n nxn n Х nxn Х nxn n Х nx n Frame n Х nxn ✗ nx n Х nx n n n Х ✗ nx n nxn Frame 1 ✗ n nx n Figure 5.14 Partially interconnected three-stage network. n N = n³ incoming trunks

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5.1 Determine the three zone settings for the relay Rab in the system shown in Figure 5.26. The system nominal voltage is 138 kV, and the positive sequence impedances for the various elements are given in the figure. The transformer impedance is given in ohms as viewed from the 138 kV side. Assume that the maximum load at the relay site is 120 MVA, and select a CT ratio accordingly. The available distance relay has zone 1 and zone 2 settings from 0.2 to 10 2, and zone 3 settings from 0.5 to 40 2, in increments of 0.1 2. The angle of maximum torque can be adjusted to 75° or 80°. Remember that the zone 3 of the relay must back up the line BC, as well as the transformer. A Rab (3+j40) B (2+ j50) (0+j9) с Fu D Figure 5.26 System for problem 5.1

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