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The measurement of temperature is a fundamental aspect of science and everyday life. Various temperature scales have been developed throughout history to quantify and standardize temperature readings. One of the earliest and most widely known temperature scales is the mercury-in-glass thermometer, which uses the expansion and contraction of mercury to indicate temperature changes.

Mercury thermometers are based on the principle that substances, including mercury, expand when heated and contract when cooled. This property of materials allows for the creation of a temperature scale. In the case of mercury thermometers, mercury is the thermometric fluid that rises and falls within a glass tube as its temperature changes.