10.76. Experiments show that in the aging of pipes (a) the friction factor increases linearly with time (b) a pipe becomes smoother with use (c) the absolute roughness increases linearly with time (d) no appreciable trends can be found (e) the absolute roughness decreases with time

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484
APPLICATIONS OF FLUID MECHANICS
[Chap. 10
10.76. Experiments show that in the aging of pipes
(a) the friction factor increases linearly with time
(b) a pipe becomes smoother with use
(c) the absolute roughness increases linearly with time
(d) no appreciable trends can be found
(e) the absolute roughness decreases with time
10.77. In the analysis of unsteady-flow situations the following formulas may
be utilized:
(a) equation of motion, Bernoulli equation, momentum equation
(b) equation of motion, continuity equation, momentum equation
(c) equation of motion, continuity equation, Bernoulli equation
(d) momentum equation, continuity equation, Bernoulli equation
(e) none of thesc answers
10.78. Neglecting friction, the maximum difference in elevation of the two
menisci of an oscillating U-tube is 1.0 ft, L = 3.0 ft. The period of oscillation is,
in seconds,
(a) 0.52
(b) 1.92
(c) 3.27
(d) 20.6
(e) none of these
answers
10.79. The maximum specd of the liquid column in Prob. 10.78 is, in feet per
second,
(a) 0.15
(b) 0.31
(c) 1.64
(d) 3.28
(e) none of these
answers
10.80. In frictionless oscillation of a U-tube, L = 4.0 ft, z = 0, V = 6 ft/sec.
The maximum value of z is, in feet,
(a) 0.75
(b) 1.50
(c) 6.00
(d) 24.0
(e) none of these
answers
10.81. In analyzing the oscillation of a U-tube with laminar resistance, the
assumption is made that the
(a) motion is steady
(b) resistance is constant
(c) Darcy-Weisbach equation applies
(d) resistance is a linear function of the displacement
(e) resistance is the same at any instant as if the motion were steady
10.82. When 16»/D² = 5 and 2g/L = 12 in oscillation of a U-tube with
laminar resistance,
(a) the resistance is so small that it may be neglected
(b) the menisci oscillate about the z = 0 axis
(c) the velocity is a maximum when z = 0
(d) the velocity is zero when z = 0
(e) the speed of column is a linear function of z
CLOSED-CONDUIT FLOW
485
Transcribed Image Text:484 APPLICATIONS OF FLUID MECHANICS [Chap. 10 10.76. Experiments show that in the aging of pipes (a) the friction factor increases linearly with time (b) a pipe becomes smoother with use (c) the absolute roughness increases linearly with time (d) no appreciable trends can be found (e) the absolute roughness decreases with time 10.77. In the analysis of unsteady-flow situations the following formulas may be utilized: (a) equation of motion, Bernoulli equation, momentum equation (b) equation of motion, continuity equation, momentum equation (c) equation of motion, continuity equation, Bernoulli equation (d) momentum equation, continuity equation, Bernoulli equation (e) none of thesc answers 10.78. Neglecting friction, the maximum difference in elevation of the two menisci of an oscillating U-tube is 1.0 ft, L = 3.0 ft. The period of oscillation is, in seconds, (a) 0.52 (b) 1.92 (c) 3.27 (d) 20.6 (e) none of these answers 10.79. The maximum specd of the liquid column in Prob. 10.78 is, in feet per second, (a) 0.15 (b) 0.31 (c) 1.64 (d) 3.28 (e) none of these answers 10.80. In frictionless oscillation of a U-tube, L = 4.0 ft, z = 0, V = 6 ft/sec. The maximum value of z is, in feet, (a) 0.75 (b) 1.50 (c) 6.00 (d) 24.0 (e) none of these answers 10.81. In analyzing the oscillation of a U-tube with laminar resistance, the assumption is made that the (a) motion is steady (b) resistance is constant (c) Darcy-Weisbach equation applies (d) resistance is a linear function of the displacement (e) resistance is the same at any instant as if the motion were steady 10.82. When 16»/D² = 5 and 2g/L = 12 in oscillation of a U-tube with laminar resistance, (a) the resistance is so small that it may be neglected (b) the menisci oscillate about the z = 0 axis (c) the velocity is a maximum when z = 0 (d) the velocity is zero when z = 0 (e) the speed of column is a linear function of z CLOSED-CONDUIT FLOW 485
10.69. The hydraulic grade line is
(a) always above the energy grade line
(b) always above the elosed conduit
(c) always sloping downward in the direction of flow
(d) the velocity head below the energy grade line
(e) upward in direction of flow when pipe is inclined downward
CLOSED-CONDUIT FLOW
483
10.70. In solving a séries-pipe problem for discharge, Bernoulli's equation is
used along with the continuity equation to obtain an expression that contains a
V²/2g and f1, f2, etc. The next step in the solution is to assume
(a) Q
(b) V
(c) R
(d) fı, f2, · . .
(e) none of these
quantities
10.71. One pipe system is said to be equivalent to another pipe system when
the following two quantities are the same:
(а) h, Q
(b) L, Q
(c) L, D
(d) f, D
(e) V, D
10.72. In parallel-pipe problems
(a) the head losses through each pipe are added to obtain the total
head loss
(b) the discharge is the same through all the pipes
(c) the head loss is the same through each pipe
(d) a direct solution gives the flow through each pipe when the total flow
is known
(e) a trial solution is not nceded
10.73. Branching-pipe problems are solved
(a) analytically by using as many equations as unknowns
(b) by the Hardy Cross method of correcting assumed flows
(c) by equivalent lengths
(d) by assuming a distribution which satisfies continuity and computing
a correction
(e) by assuming the elevation of hydraulic grade line at the junetion
point and trying to satisfy continuity
10.74. In networks of pipes
(a) the head loss around each elementary circuit must be zero
(b) the (horsepower) loss in all circuits is the same
(c) the elevation of hydraulic grade line is assumed for each junetion
(d) elementary circuits are replaced by equivalent pipes
(e) friction facetors are assumed for each pipe
10.75. The following quantities are computed by using 4R in place of diam-
eter, for noncircular sections:
(a) velocity, relative roughness
(b) velocity, head loss
(c) Reynolds number, relative roughness, head loss
(d) velocity, Reynolds number, friction factor
(e) none of these answers
Transcribed Image Text:10.69. The hydraulic grade line is (a) always above the energy grade line (b) always above the elosed conduit (c) always sloping downward in the direction of flow (d) the velocity head below the energy grade line (e) upward in direction of flow when pipe is inclined downward CLOSED-CONDUIT FLOW 483 10.70. In solving a séries-pipe problem for discharge, Bernoulli's equation is used along with the continuity equation to obtain an expression that contains a V²/2g and f1, f2, etc. The next step in the solution is to assume (a) Q (b) V (c) R (d) fı, f2, · . . (e) none of these quantities 10.71. One pipe system is said to be equivalent to another pipe system when the following two quantities are the same: (а) h, Q (b) L, Q (c) L, D (d) f, D (e) V, D 10.72. In parallel-pipe problems (a) the head losses through each pipe are added to obtain the total head loss (b) the discharge is the same through all the pipes (c) the head loss is the same through each pipe (d) a direct solution gives the flow through each pipe when the total flow is known (e) a trial solution is not nceded 10.73. Branching-pipe problems are solved (a) analytically by using as many equations as unknowns (b) by the Hardy Cross method of correcting assumed flows (c) by equivalent lengths (d) by assuming a distribution which satisfies continuity and computing a correction (e) by assuming the elevation of hydraulic grade line at the junetion point and trying to satisfy continuity 10.74. In networks of pipes (a) the head loss around each elementary circuit must be zero (b) the (horsepower) loss in all circuits is the same (c) the elevation of hydraulic grade line is assumed for each junetion (d) elementary circuits are replaced by equivalent pipes (e) friction facetors are assumed for each pipe 10.75. The following quantities are computed by using 4R in place of diam- eter, for noncircular sections: (a) velocity, relative roughness (b) velocity, head loss (c) Reynolds number, relative roughness, head loss (d) velocity, Reynolds number, friction factor (e) none of these answers
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