10.36 Gender and number words: Chang, Sandhofer, and Brown (2011) wondered whether mothers used num- ber words more, on average, with their preschool sons than with their preschool daughters. Each participat- ing family included one mother and one child-either female or male. They speculated that early exposure to more number words might predispose children to like mathematics. They reported the following: "An inde- pendent-samples t test revealed statistically significant differences in the percentages of overall numeric speech used when interacting with boys compared with girls, (30) number terms with boys an average of 9.49% of utter- ances (SD ances with girls (SD = 4.43%)" (pp. 444-445). Is this a between-groups or within-groups design? Explain your answer. = 2.40, p < .05, d .88. That is, mothers used 6.78%) compared with 4.64% of utter- b. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable? c. How many children were in the total sample? Explain how you determined this. 1s the sample likely randomly selected? Is it likely that the researchers used random assignment? ul Were the researchers able to reject the null hypoth- esis? Explain. What can you say abour the size of the effect? ner -ho Describehow you could design an esperment to sest Avhether Exposure to more nunber wOrs in preschool lends children o like athemtices ore

Please answer question 7,8

A standardized exam's scores are normally distributed. In a recent year, the mean test score was 1482 and the standard deviation was 315. The test scores of four students selected at random are 1910, 1200, 2210, and 1390. Find the z-scores that correspond to each value and determine whether any of the values are unusual. The z-score for 1910 is (Round to two decimal places as needed.)

I have a question regarding the question B. Can you please help me? Thanks