10] (a) Is the reaction shown below a fission reaction or a fusion reaction? (b) Find the energy = 4.002 603u , m,, =1.007 825u, eleased in this reaction. (m,. = 3.016 029u , m, He = 2.014102u , m, nd lu=931.494MeV ) He+ D→ ;He + H

Complete the following nuclear reaction and identify the missing clement (use periodic tablc) 238U » He+? (1) 92

Suppose that our Sun, of mass 1.99 x 1030 kg, consists entirely of hydrogen and that the dominant energy-releasing fusion reaction 4 H He 2e+ + 2v + y involves the "burning" of hydrogen into helium with a Q-value of 26.73 MeV. If the total power output of the Sun is assumed to remain constant at 3.9 x 1026 W, estimate the number of years for all of the hydrogen to be used up.

Consider the potential induced fission reaction: n+ 239Pu 239Pu 94 94 240 Pu* 94 56 38 Sr+ 34 Sr + 142 Ba + 4n a) Determine the internal excitation energy of the 240 Pu* nucleus, 94 assuming negligible kinetic energy on the incoming neutron. b) Determine the net energy output of this reaction. c) Estimate the average energy of each of the output neutrons, and compare to the energy of a thermal neutron near room temperature.

5. What is the energy released in this 3* nuclear reaction Cl→S +e? (The atomic mass of 12Cl is 31.98569 u and that of 32S is 31.972071 u) MeV

5. What is the energy released in this B+ nuclear reaction Al Mg+e? (The atomic mass of Al is 23.999939 u 13- and that of Mg is 23.985041 u) Mev

2. The decay constant, Ai, for the a transition of 243 Am95 () to the various levels of 239NP93 may be estimated from In 1= 48.4 + 2.97 R½ Z¼ - 3.97 Z/T« - 660 o = 0.002la(la+1) where Z is the atomic number of the daughter nucleus, R is the radius of the daughter nucleus in femtometers and approximated by R=1.2XA3, Ta is the kinetic energy of the a - particle in MeV and la is the angular momentum carried by the a- particle. a. Calculate the branching ratio of the 3 transitions. b. Estimate the mean lifetime of the 243Amº5 5- c. The transition from the 239N%93 () to the state proceeds either directly by gamma emission or by gamma emission to the state first or by internal conversion of K-electron, with a conversion coefficient of 2. Use Weisskopf estimates to calculate the lifetime of the 9- excited state.

3. Explicitly calculate the binding energy and binding energy per nucleon for ®0 by comparing the mass of the atom to the sum of the masses of the constituent protons, electrons, and neutrons. You may ignore the binding energy of the electrons in the problem. [MeV]