1. Search the web to find out what beneficial effects our gut bacteria are thought to have on health.   --This may include the effects of probiotics (live bacteria we can consume)   --This may include how changes in the types of bacteria we have in our gut affect health   --This may include how the overuse of antibiotics affects our gut bacteria and thus our health   --Or, of course, you can just look for beneficial gut bacteria in general       2. Select one interesting or surprising finding to share with your classmates and post it here.   --Your initial post must summarize the research you found.       3. Tell us where you found your information! You must include a link to the webpage or article you found.   --Remember to evaluate your sources according to what you learned in week 1.    --I won't give you full credit if your source is clearly trying to sell you something.

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2. A pharmacologist discovers a new fungal metabolite with unusual antimicrobial properties. It naturally concentrates in the endosomes, lysosomes, and phagolysosomes of cells and directly kills microorganisms (eg, Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that are normally resistant to degradation in the phagolysosomes. It has the undesirable effect of raising the pH within phagolysosomes. Which of the following processes will be primarily affected? A) Class I MHC molecule peptide loading o B) Class II MHC molecule peptide loading C) B-Microglobulin surface expression D) Peptide binding to TCRaß E) Peptide binding to TCRYS

10.Eating locally grown food is advantageous because: Group of answer choices a.All of the choices are correct. b.There is less chance it will become infected in transport. c.The food is picked fresh. d.It limits Carbon emissions in transport.

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12. Breaking the Chain of Transmission of Infection Messaging about how to contain Covid-19 and reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has changed dramatically since the first appearance of the disease in January of this year. Misinformation is rampant and the general public is often confused about the best way to proceed. Using your knowledge as a biologist, write an essay that explains to your friends and family how disease is spread and how each step promoted by the Centers for Disease Control helps to break the chain of transmission and flatten the curve. Include how each of the following techniques a) breaks the chain of transmission of disease, especially COVID-19; and b) the consequences to an individual and to society at large of failing to implement the technique. Wash your hands often, for at least 20 seconds. Don’t touch your face. Clean and disinfect surfaces. Wear a face covering in public Stay at least 6 feet from others. Stay at home.

5. Explain the concept of selective toxicity. How does it apply to the development of antibiotics? What does selective toxicity mean? What do we look for in a bacteria that we don’t have?

12. Why are major pharmaceutical companies reluctant to develop new antibiotics for Gram negative bacteria?

1. Should all genetic modification (GMO) of food products be banned completely?

3 TED Ed What causes antibiotic resistance? - Kevin Wu BACTERIA Watch on YouTube E More and more bacteria are becoming antibiotic-resistant. How might this affect our ability to fight certain infectious diseases in the future? $ * bacteria will mutate back to their susceptible states over time. our immune systems will evolve to better fight the bacteria so we won't need R % A VS. 5 ANTIBIOTICS T 6 G & Y 7 TEDED Share H U 8 9 insert K ☆ P