
Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923605
Author: Robert L. Boylestad
Publisher: PEARSON
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Please explain step by step in detail. I am most confused about the table. Thank you

Transcribed Image Text:1.1. Consider the system in the figure below containing second-order dynamics under feedback control with a
proportional-derivative (PD) controller. Using any method you choose, show that the proposed PD control
system cannot obtain zero offset for changes in the reference signal R(s)..
R(s)
Kc(1+ KDS)
1
(s+2)²
Y(s)
1.2. Consider a first-order plus dead-time model in standard form such that
Y(s)
Kpe-0s
U(s) TS+1
with positive process gain
1.3.
Kp > 0. If the system is controlled using a stable PID feedback controller with G₁(s) = Kc (1 + ±1. 1½ + Kas),
complete the table below by circling the best answer indicating
(i) The sign that is expected for the controller term.
(ii) The effect that an increase in the tuning parameter will have on steady-state offset.
TI S
(iii) What direction you would change the tuning parameter to increase the controller's aggression.
(iv) How the tuning parameters will likely need to be changed if any of the process parameters increase.
Tuning response to ↑ in
process parameter (circle)
Tuning
Parameter
Sign
(circle)
Effect on
SS offset
A for more
controller
"aggression"
(circle)
(circle)
KP
0
τ
Proportional, Kc
+
↑
(none) ↓
↑
↓
↑
↓
↑
↓
↑
↓
Integral, ti
↑ (none) ↓
↑
↓
↑
↓
↑
↓
↑
↓
Derivative, KD
+
↑ (none) ↓
↑
↓
↑
↓
↑
↓
↑
↓
first-order systems under proportional control have extremely fast response
times and nearly zero offset as we increase the controller gain Kc → ∞. Succinctly give two reasons why using
extremely large values of Kε is not possible in practice.
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