1.1 a) Butyric acid is to be extracted from 500 ml of an aqueous solution containing 4 g of butyric acid using ether as an extractant. The distribution coefficient of this system is 3 at 25 °C. In a minimum of ten points show that the butyric acid extracted in a single batch with 500 ml ether is less than that extracted in two batches of 250 ml portions. b) Briefly describe different strategies that can be used to obtain a chemical separation in a minimum of eight points. c) Briefly discuss ten reasons why chemical separations methods are used in analytical chemistry.

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100kg of a solution of acetic acid and H₂O containing 30% acetic acid by weight is to be extracted three times with isopropyl ether using 40kg of isopropyl ether in each stage. Determine the weight of acetic acid extracted and the percentage recovery of acetic acid. The following data are available. Concentrations of acetic acid in the leaving streams are Isopropyl ether rich phase 11.7% Ist Stage IInd Stage IIIrd Stage 9.5% 7.8% [BALU, K.; RAMALINGAM, S.; DEEBIKA, B. AND SATHYAMOORTHI, K. (2014)] H₂O rich phase 25.8% 22.7% 20%

How many mL of a 12.5 M solution are needed to make 100 mL of a 1.30 M solution? Your Answer: Answar units

02:21 4G File Details 4CH003/UM1: Fundamentals of... Place a thermometer into the mixture and cool the flask in a water bath until the temperature is below 200C. Remove the flask from the water bath and carefully add cyclohexanol (10ml, 9.6g) to the acid mixture. Cyclohexanol is only slightly soluble in water so you should observe two immiscible layers at this point. Dissolve sodium dichromate dihydrate (10.5g) in water (5ml) in a 25ml conical flask and, using a dropping pipette, add this solution carefully drop by drop to the cyclohexanol/sulphuric acid mixture over about 30-40minutes. Swirl the flask vigorously during the addition process and maintain the temperature of the mixture in the round bottomed flask between 25-35°C during the addition by immersion of the flask in the cold water bath. If the dichromate solution is not added slowly, a rapid rise in temperature will occur and the reaction will become violent. 3 When all the dichromate solution has been carefully added rinse…

(2) Sally starts eluting her column with petroleum ether in hopes of separating her 50:50 ferrocene: fluorenone mixture. She notices her mobile phase getting low when there is limited separation between her two components. She eagerly adds more solvent to avoid her column from drying out. Sally then realizes she poured from her 1:1 petroleum ether: diethyl ether beaker rather than her petroleum ether beaker. (a) Using the molecular view below, explain how this would impact her product elution from the column. top of column H buret wall AI H H H H H H H H H H bottom of column buret wall (b) How does this error impact her experimental results? (c) Using pictures and words, how could Sally analyze the purity of her product? Fe

10g coffee 4g sodium carbonate 40m dichloromethane 160ml distilled water coffee filter  What are the principles behind caffeine being extracted from coffee using the above items? 1st sodium carbonate mixed with coffee then brought to a boil for 20min then solution/grinds are filtered. Then solution is added to a separatory funnel with 15ml of dichloromethane and two layers are observed so the bottom layer with DCM contains the caffeine, then this layer is collected in a beaker and dried out using molecular seeds. Then the solvent is brought to a boil with crude caffeine remaining and recystallized using 95% ethanol and brought to a boil again. Then the contents are vaccum filtered and  allowed to dry resulting in 30mg caffeine.

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Calculate the - total number of moles of oxalate ions (sources are oxalic acid solutions and potassium oxalate monohydrate is 0.0186 moles) - total number of moles of Fe3+ ions (source is ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate, FeSO4(NH4)2SO4.6H2O)

Paraxylene, styrene, toluene, and benzene are to be separated with the array of distillation columns shown in the following figure. Calculate the molar flow rates of D1, D2, B1, and B2. 6% Xylane 5% Styrene 51% Toluene 38% Benzene 19% Xylene 21% Styrene 36% Tolvene 24% Berazene 22% Xylene B, 20% Styrene 46% Tohvene 12% Benzene D, 18% Xylene 9% Styrene 42% Tohene 31% Benzene F= 70 kg-molimin B 28% Xylene 63% Styrene 8% Tohuene 1% Benzene a- Using the polymath software. b- Using the Excel solver. c- Using Gauss Elimination method. d- Find the inverse by Gauss Jordan then find the solution of the system. e- Using LU factorization.