1. The following figure shows a virtual circuit network. Station A is going to send information to Station B through two switches: S₁ and S₂. A virtual circuit is set up for this communication: A → S₁ ⇒ S₂ ⇒ B. For this virtual circuit, the VCIs over the three hops are 34, 18, and 34, respectively i) Which device assigns VCI "18"? ii) Please give the switching table at switch S2. A S₁ Port 1 Port 2 Port 1 52 Port 2 B

True/False: There exists a mapping reduction from ATM to ETM.

A car manufacturer proposed to implement a simple DCS along a 50 m-long engine production line. The proposed system consists of a 16-bit PLC system, three sensors, and four mechanical actuators. The system components are interconnected using a copper wire network solution. The transmission speed of the network is 40 kbits/s. Two types of network configuration are to be considered, a CAN-based network, and a centralized controller network. A) Draw simple diagrams to show the difference between these two network configurations. B) In CAN, explain why logic '1' is referred to as Recessive logic, and logic '0' is referred to as Dominant logic.

Explain how a switch table with five nodes connected by a single switch is taught to you.

Suppose you are a judge trying to decide a dispute between a buyer and a supplier. The buyer claims not to have produced a particular email purchase order, while the supplier shows you the purchase order, and certificates and CRLs (Certificate Revocation Lists), demonstrating that the purchase order was signed by the buyer. All documents have been signed by a notary. How would the dates on the various pieces of evidence influence your decision? What if only the purchase order was signed by the notary?