1. Record the colors observed in the alkali metal flame tests: Lithium: Sodium: Potassium: The emissions in these flame tests are produced when the valence electron in gas phase Group IA atoms falls from a higher energy orbital to a lower energy orbital. Demonstrate your understanding of this process by using three arrows to represent the three electrons in an atom of lithium and show how one of the valence electron "falls" from a higher-energy orbital in the excited-state configuration to a lower energy orbital in the ground-state configuration. 2p 2p 2s 2s 1s 1s Li Excited-State Li Ground-State 2. Visible light can be sorted by color (wavelength and frequency) from lower energy to higher energy: Red orange yellow green blue violet Higher Energy Lower Energy Given the color of light emitted when the electron drops from the higher-energy orbital to the lower-energy orbital, which energy gap do you predict to be larger? Which gap represents a greater energy change for the electron transition? 2p-2s gap in Li 3p-3s gap in Na or

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Please solve all questions, including the sub parts. 1.The wavelength for mercury is 118 nm. a. Calculate the wavelength in meters for mercury. b. Calculate the energy of a photon that is required for mercury to emit an electron in J. c. Calculate the frequency in Hz for mercury. d. Based on your answers to (a) - (c), does this type of radiation fall in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum? If this radiation type falls in the visible region then what color of the visible region does it fall in? e. Write the abbreviated electron configuration for Hg.

How many unpaired electrons are found in the ground stae electron configuration of silicon (Si)?

Which has the greater wavelength, blue light or red light? How do the frequencies of blue light and red light compare? How does the energy of blue light compare with that of red light? Does blue light have a greater speed than red light?

Draw an “energy level diagram” for a calcium (Ca) atom. HINT: Use the periodic table to determine the number of electrons that are present in a krypton atom. An empty (no electrons) energy level diagram for multi-electron atoms is shown on the left. Electrons are arranged (configured) into the orbitals in the way that results in the lowest possible energy. Nature does this by obeying the Aufbau Principle, the Pauli Exclusion Principle, and Hund’s Rules. See the hint from the previous question (3.2) for more details. EXPLANATION: A calcium atom has 20 protons and therefore 20 electrons. Electrons are arranged (configured) into the orbitals in the way that results in the lowest possible energy. Nature does this by obeying the Aufbau Principle, the Pauli Exclusion Principle, and Hund’s Rules. See the hint from the previous question (3.2) for more details. Note that the 4s orbital fills before the 3d orbital because the 4s orbital lower in energy than the 3d orbitals (the 3d orbitals are…

Write the ground-state electron configuration for calcium, Ca. You may write either the full or condensed electron configuration. x x. He -, | 8. Write out the ground-state electron configuration for chlorine, CI. You may write either the full or condensed electron configuration. x| x. He 8.

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