1. In the following extensive-form game, derive the normal-form game, and find all the pure-strategy Nash equilibria, subgame-perfect equilibria, and perfect Bayesian equilibria. L' M' R' 1 R L M 2 P M' R' 1,3 1,2 4,0 4,0 0,2 3,3 2,4
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- Consider the following classic game, called Hawk and Dove. Player 2 Hawk Dove Hewk 0,0 4,1 Player 1 Dove 1,4 33 Select all pure strategy Nash equilibria and check the corresponding option if you think there exists a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium too. O There exists also a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium OHawk, Dove ODove, Hawk O Hawk, Hawk O Hawk, Hawk3. Nash Equilibria Consider the following (normal-form) game. Compute a Nash Equilibrium of this game. U C D L | M R 5,0 1,3 4,0 2,4 1,4 3,5 0,1 1,0 5,0Consider the following price game: Firm 1 Firm 2 High Low High 20, 20 12, 24 Low 24, 12 14, 14 Remark: In simultaneous move games (games with rows and columns) theconvention is to write the row player’s payoff first and the column player’spayoff second. (a) What is the Nash equilibrium of this game? Recall that for each playeryou should find the best response to each of the opponents’ strategies andunderline the associated payoff. Then look for a cell where both strategiesare best responses to each other. This is a Nash equilibrium. (b) Does either firm have a dominate strategy (a strategy that is always abest response)?
- What is the Nash Equilibrium in a game?A. A situation where all players cooperate for maximum gainB. A situation where no player can improve their outcome by changing their strategy unilaterallyC. A situation where players always choose the same strategyD. A situation where players randomly select strategiesConsider the following classic game, called Hawk and Dove. Player 2 Hawk Dove Hewk 0,0 4,1 Player 1 Dove 1,4 33 Select all pure strategy Nash equilibria and check the corresponding option if you think there exists a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium too. O There exists also a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium O Hawk, Dove O Dove, Hawk O Hawk, Hawk O Hawk, Hawk2. For the game illustrated in the figure below, find all pure-strategy Nash equilibria and mixed- strategy Nash equilibria (Hint: apply IDSDS first) Player 2 W y 0,20 А 5,30 10,15 Player 1 В 0,5 15,5 5,10 0,5 0,30 -10,5
- 20.38 C 1 Search il 4G O Microeconom... 1. In the sequential games such as the sequential Battle of the Sexes, why does the Nash equilibrium allow for outcomes with noncredible threats? 2. Left Right Up 1, 3 3, 1 Down 2, 2 4, 4 a. Find the Nash equilibrium or equilibria b. Which player, if any, has a dominant strategy? c. Does A benefit from changing the game by reducing his or her payoff in this way? 3. Noah and Xaviera love to play "Hide and Seek." It is a simple game, but it continues to amuse. It goes like this. Xaviera hides upstairs or downstairs. Noah can look upstairs or downstairs but not in both places. If he finds Xaviera, Noah gets one scoop of ice cream and Xaviera gets none. If he does not find Xaviera, Xaviera gets one scoop of ice cream and Noah gets none. a. Fill in the payoffs in the matrix below! Is this a zero-sum game? What are the Nash equilibria in pure strategies? Hide and Seek Xaviera Upstairs Downstairs Upstairs Noah Downstairs b. Find a Nash equilibrium in…4. Suppose in 1977 Honda and Toyota each have to decide whether to build an automobile plant in the North American market. The payoff matrix below shows Honda's payoff on the left, and Toyota's on the right. Is there a Nash equilibrium? If so, where, and how do you know? Тoyota Build small Don't build anything plant Build small 16, 16 20, 15 Honda plant Don't build anything 15, 20 18, 18Aedri Quick Lesson in Game Theory A Nash Equilibrium is an outcome in which neither player is better off by changing their strategy. 2.7 Is a Dominant Strategy equilibrium also a Nash equilibrium? a) Yes b) No esc The Ice Cream Guys $3.99 $4.99 + Chucky's Chunky CCT: $20,000 $3.99 ICG: $20,000 CCT: $60,000 ICG: $10,000 tab Treats CCT: $10,000 $4.99 ICG: $60,000 CCT: $40,000 ICG: $40,000 The table above is the payoff matrix for the annual profit of the only two ice-cream-truck firms operating in Beach City. They are deciding the price of an ice cream cone. %3D caps lo 2.8 What is Chucky's dominant strategy? a) $3.99 b) $4.99 c) Not enough information hift 2.9 What is the dominant strategy equilibrium in this situation? a) Both charge $3.99 b) Both charge $4.99 c) CCT charges $3.99 and ICG charges $4.99 d) CCT charges $4.99 and ICG charges $3.99 2.10 Suppose these two firms engaged in collusion (which, of course, totally doesn't happen because it is against the law). Which outcome would…
- NASH EQUILIBRIUM Consider the following game in strategic form. bị b2 a1 10,2 4,20 a2 6,28 9,14 аз 8,6 12,4 1-T-0 1-T The Equilibrium Existence Theorem guarantees that this game possesses at least one Nash equilibrium of the form (T*, o*,T*). Which values of a* are part of such an equilibrium? (Mark all values for which an associated equilibrium exists.) Select one or more: O 0.00 O 0.60 O 0.30 O 1.00 O 0.75 O 0.10 O 0.80 O 0.258. In game theory there is not always a dominant strategy b. a Nash equilibrium is a dominant strategy collusion is an example of a cooperative game С. d. all of theseSolve for the Nash equilibrium (or equilibria) in each of the following games. (a) The following two-by-two game is a little harder to solve since firm 2’spreferred strategy depends of what firm 1 does. But firm 1 has a dominantstrategy so this game has one Nash equilibrium. Firm 2 Launch Don’tFirm 1 Launch 60, -10 100, 0 Don’t 80, 30 120, 0 What is the Nash equilibrium of this simultaneous-move game? (b) What would the outcome of this game be if instead firm 1 moved first and then, after seeing what firm 1 chose, firm 2 chose it strategy? In this case firm 1 doesn’t necessarily need to choose a best response, but firm 2 must choose a best response since it moves second.