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1. How much land did Emilianov have before the revolution? 2. How much land did Emilianov have after the revolution? 3. What was the attitude of the peasants toward the revolution? 4. What was the attitude of the peasants toward the Soviet govemment? - 5. Why do you think new govermments often lose support soon after winning a revolution?

1. How much land did Emilianov have before the revolution? 2. How much land did Emilianov have after the revolution? 3. What was the attitude of the peasants toward the revolution? 4. What was the attitude of the peasants toward the Soviet govemment? - 5. Why do you think new govermments often lose support soon after winning a revolution?

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A Peasant's View of the Bolsheviks In 1917, the Russians overthrew the czarist regime, creating the first large Communist country in history. The Commu- nists moved quickly to try to change life in Russia. In the following excerpt, a British observer, C.R. Buxton, describes his talk with a Russian peasant in 1920. The peasant explains his feelings about the revolution. As you read, think about answers to the questions listed below. When you have completed the reading, answer these questions on a separate sheet of раper. 1. How much land did Emilianov have before the revolution? 2. How much land did Emilianov have after the revolution? 3. What was the attitude of the peasants toward the revolution? 4. What was the attitude of the peasants toward the Soviet govemment? - 5. Why do you think new govermments often lose support soon after winning a revolution? M y host's name Petrovich Emilianov. He was of the "middle". type of peasant, which was Alexander hosť's case was a type, not only of thousands, but of millions of others.... formed the great majority of the village. About one-fifth of its people were considered "poor" peasants. Of "rich" peasants there were only four or five, I was told. Tall, upstanding and vigorous, with short, brown beard, in a much-wom cloth suit and top-boets, Emilianov reminded me of... ̟ne of my earliest and best friends. I soon found that he "Look there," said Emilianov, pointing out from the edge of the village field over the lim- itless rolling steppe [plains). "All that was the land of the landlords. . .. You may drive forty versts [about 13 miles] in a straight line from here and see nothing else." I came to realise that, in effect, the villages and their "fields," large as they seemed, were but islands in an- ocean of large properties. On all sides they had been hemmed in by the estates of the great land- was a man of shrewd intel- ligence. He could read with ease. . . . He was evidently well versed in the Bible, and could hold his own in theo- lords. "Who owned all this land?" I asked. "All sorts of landlords. One was a Cossack. Two were logical arguinent.. Before the Revolution Samara [the Russian city now my host had had eight acres-about the aver- age holding in that region. He had now no less than eighty-five. This was the tremendous fact that I had tumed over and over in my mind as we bumped along. Tremendous, surely; for my called Kuibyshev] merchants. One was a Ger- man, Schmidt, who bought his from the Crown. Some was held by the Monks. One was an es- tate of Maria Feodorovna, the Csaritsa [wife of the Czar]." Dantier Hal Inc
Transcribed Image Text:A Peasant's View of the Bolsheviks In 1917, the Russians overthrew the czarist regime, creating the first large Communist country in history. The Commu- nists moved quickly to try to change life in Russia. In the following excerpt, a British observer, C.R. Buxton, describes his talk with a Russian peasant in 1920. The peasant explains his feelings about the revolution. As you read, think about answers to the questions listed below. When you have completed the reading, answer these questions on a separate sheet of раper. 1. How much land did Emilianov have before the revolution? 2. How much land did Emilianov have after the revolution? 3. What was the attitude of the peasants toward the revolution? 4. What was the attitude of the peasants toward the Soviet govemment? - 5. Why do you think new govermments often lose support soon after winning a revolution? M y host's name Petrovich Emilianov. He was of the "middle". type of peasant, which was Alexander hosť's case was a type, not only of thousands, but of millions of others.... formed the great majority of the village. About one-fifth of its people were considered "poor" peasants. Of "rich" peasants there were only four or five, I was told. Tall, upstanding and vigorous, with short, brown beard, in a much-wom cloth suit and top-boets, Emilianov reminded me of... ̟ne of my earliest and best friends. I soon found that he "Look there," said Emilianov, pointing out from the edge of the village field over the lim- itless rolling steppe [plains). "All that was the land of the landlords. . .. You may drive forty versts [about 13 miles] in a straight line from here and see nothing else." I came to realise that, in effect, the villages and their "fields," large as they seemed, were but islands in an- ocean of large properties. On all sides they had been hemmed in by the estates of the great land- was a man of shrewd intel- ligence. He could read with ease. . . . He was evidently well versed in the Bible, and could hold his own in theo- lords. "Who owned all this land?" I asked. "All sorts of landlords. One was a Cossack. Two were logical arguinent.. Before the Revolution Samara [the Russian city now my host had had eight acres-about the aver- age holding in that region. He had now no less than eighty-five. This was the tremendous fact that I had tumed over and over in my mind as we bumped along. Tremendous, surely; for my called Kuibyshev] merchants. One was a Ger- man, Schmidt, who bought his from the Crown. Some was held by the Monks. One was an es- tate of Maria Feodorovna, the Csaritsa [wife of the Czar]." Dantier Hal Inc
"What happened to them?" "They are mostly gone," he replied in a matter-of-fact tone. "Some are in Samara. Most of them have left Russia, I suppose."... The landlords' land was seized in Ozero [the village of Emilianov] in the summer of 1917-that is, during the Kerensky regime, and before the Communists came into power. I was told afterwards that by October of that year there was not single great estate left in the Samara "Government." But it appears.that the formal allocation of the land did not take place until after the October (i.e., Communist) Revo- lution. With the land, the stock and implements were distributed also. The Soviet...[govemment] alloted a cer- tain quantity of land to each village in its area. Özero among others: The Soviet of Ozero was specially elected for the purpose of dividing up the land, all the villagers having the right to vote. The Soviet then distributed the land according to an absolutely fixed principle, namely, five desiatin "soul." No one was to have more than he and his family could work Emilianov's fam- "Because they are always worrying us They are people from the towns and don' understand the country. Comnmissars-power: ful persons are continually coming. We don't know what to do with them. New orders are always coming out. People are puzzled. As soon as you understand one of them, a differ- ent one comes along." "What party do most people belong tc here?" "None at all. They are non-party... The general attitude of the peasants, so far as I could judge, was that they owed much to the Soviet Government in the matter of the land; they approved of the "principle of eve- rybody being equal"; they often talked of the "true" Communist as being an ideal person. But they compained bitterly of sence of necessities, of the compulsory [forçed contributions, and the worry of perpetua [constant] orders and appeals, often hard to understand. They considered that the Gov- ernment was responsible for all these evils alike, and that the peasant was somehow in a position of inferiority to the townsman. And yet, in spite of all these complaints, when the opportunity was offered them to choose between... [a non- Communist govemment] on the one side and the Soviet Government on the other, the peasants do not seem to have [about 11 acres) per "They don't like the Communist Party, but they like the Revolution . ily, including wife and chil- dren, amounted to seven, and that is why he had thirty-five desiatin, or approximately. eighty acres. Appeals could be made to the Volost (or District) Soviet, and on one occasion I heard such an appeal being tried. "And what do the peasants think of it all now?" I asked Emilianov. "It's a fine thing, the Revolution. Every one is in favour of it. They don't like the Commu- nist Party, but they like the Revolution:" "Why don't they like the Communist Party?" had much hesitation.... They were for the Revolution; and for the moment the Soviet power was the... [sym- boll of the Revolution. They grumbled and cursed at it; but when the opportunity was of- fered to overthrow it, they said, "No."
Transcribed Image Text:"What happened to them?" "They are mostly gone," he replied in a matter-of-fact tone. "Some are in Samara. Most of them have left Russia, I suppose."... The landlords' land was seized in Ozero [the village of Emilianov] in the summer of 1917-that is, during the Kerensky regime, and before the Communists came into power. I was told afterwards that by October of that year there was not single great estate left in the Samara "Government." But it appears.that the formal allocation of the land did not take place until after the October (i.e., Communist) Revo- lution. With the land, the stock and implements were distributed also. The Soviet...[govemment] alloted a cer- tain quantity of land to each village in its area. Özero among others: The Soviet of Ozero was specially elected for the purpose of dividing up the land, all the villagers having the right to vote. The Soviet then distributed the land according to an absolutely fixed principle, namely, five desiatin "soul." No one was to have more than he and his family could work Emilianov's fam- "Because they are always worrying us They are people from the towns and don' understand the country. Comnmissars-power: ful persons are continually coming. We don't know what to do with them. New orders are always coming out. People are puzzled. As soon as you understand one of them, a differ- ent one comes along." "What party do most people belong tc here?" "None at all. They are non-party... The general attitude of the peasants, so far as I could judge, was that they owed much to the Soviet Government in the matter of the land; they approved of the "principle of eve- rybody being equal"; they often talked of the "true" Communist as being an ideal person. But they compained bitterly of sence of necessities, of the compulsory [forçed contributions, and the worry of perpetua [constant] orders and appeals, often hard to understand. They considered that the Gov- ernment was responsible for all these evils alike, and that the peasant was somehow in a position of inferiority to the townsman. And yet, in spite of all these complaints, when the opportunity was offered them to choose between... [a non- Communist govemment] on the one side and the Soviet Government on the other, the peasants do not seem to have [about 11 acres) per "They don't like the Communist Party, but they like the Revolution . ily, including wife and chil- dren, amounted to seven, and that is why he had thirty-five desiatin, or approximately. eighty acres. Appeals could be made to the Volost (or District) Soviet, and on one occasion I heard such an appeal being tried. "And what do the peasants think of it all now?" I asked Emilianov. "It's a fine thing, the Revolution. Every one is in favour of it. They don't like the Commu- nist Party, but they like the Revolution:" "Why don't they like the Communist Party?" had much hesitation.... They were for the Revolution; and for the moment the Soviet power was the... [sym- boll of the Revolution. They grumbled and cursed at it; but when the opportunity was of- fered to overthrow it, they said, "No."
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