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- 1. An aquaponics system is a system in which fish and plants are grown together. Shane Ahrens wanted to know if tumbled glass could be used as a media in an aquaponics system. He grew kale in clay and glass (in mesh cups suspended in the water) and measured kale biomass. What is the null hypothesis? What is the alternative hypothesis? Calculate the sample mean and variance for each treatment and then calculate the t statistic and degrees of freedom. Kale Biomass (mg) Clay Glass 17.5 37.1 13.9 31.1 31.2 28.7 29.9 37.5 22.5 28.1 Mean Variance (n, – 1)s², + (n2 – 1)s²2 × n + n2 -2 + n2 d.f. = If you conduct this analysis in R, the output tells you the p-value = 0.042. What conclusion can you make (i.e., accept or reject the null hypothesis)? Explain how you reached this conclusion. Write a sentence as you would for the results section of a paper.1. You measure the effects of a single allele (A2) on fitness in two populations of the same plant species, Population X and Population Y. Population X lives at higher altitudes. The average excess of fitness of the A2 allele (aA2) in Population X is 1.21, and the average fitness of the population (w) is 1.0. Population Y lives at a lower altitude. The average excess of fitness of the A2 allele (aA2) in Population Y is -1.68 and the average fitness of the population (w) is 1.0 a) Which population is likely to experience faster evolution? Why? b) What do you predict will happen to the frequency of the A2 allele (pA2) in population X? c) What do you predict will happen to the frequency of the A2 allele (pA2) in population Y? d) Why do you think the average excess of fitness of the A2 allele is different in these two populations?13. Directional selection means that a. The environment controls which organisms will survive. b. Humans determine which organisms will survive. c. Both extremes of the population have a lesser chance to survive. d. Both extremes of the population have a better chance to survive. e. The organisms on one extreme of the population have a better chance to survive than those on the other extreme.
- Stabilizing selection happens when O Large and small values of a trait are selected against Medium values of a trait are selected against Only large OR small values of a trait are selected against10) An adaptation is defined as a trait that increases an organism's Select one: a.ability to avoid predators b.fitness c.ability to find food d.survivalDefine balancing selection
- 1. The phenotype and genotype of a population is due to a "mosaic" of random and directed processes whereby some have to do with history and others related to adaption and other factors. Why is this so?ignore the words after type of selection- 27. A bottleneck can result in a(n) likelihood of genetic drift. a. increase; increasing b. decrease; increasing c. increase; decreasing d. decrease; decreasing 28. Which of the followin ا in population size, which has the effect of the
- 1. A sample of 600 individuals from a population is examined for the presence of the HindIII polymorphism in an autsomal Sca gene. There are two alleles of Sca gene, A and a. The results are 14 individuals are AA, 212 are Aa, 374 are aa. Please answer the following questions accordingly? How many alleles are present in the gene pool in the sample population fort he Sca gene? What are the genotype frequencies? What are the frequencies of A and a alleles? What are the expected numbers of the three genotypes, assuming random12. The fitness for a particular species of bats is determined by a single gene locus with two segregating alleles, (E) and (e), that determines echo-location ability. The dominant allele E causes normal echo-location, whereas the recessive allele e impairs echo-location ability. You are studying a large population and determine initial frequencies of the E and e alleles to be 0.7 (p) and 0.3 (q), respectively. Assume genotypes are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Given the following average offspring numbers, determine the effects of natural selection on the allele frequencies after one generation (what are the new frequencies of p and q?). Genotype Average # Offspring EE 10 Ee 10 ee 6. 5. Genes A B an hiognthotic nathwaye!22. The graph shows the distribution of a trait in an animal population. mean Range of variable If the species were to undergo stabilizing selection in which extreme phenotypes were selected against, how would the graph be expected to change? A. The peak would move to the left. B. The peak would move to the right. C. The peak would become taller and narrower. D. The peak would become lower and more rounded. EducationTM Inc. Aouenber
