1. Discuss the difference between Passive and Active Components? Give examples

Figure QI shows the circuit diagram of a "Logarithmic Amplifier". In this circuit the feedback resistor of a normal inverting amplifier is replaced by a silicon diode. Since the current flowing through the diode increases exponentially with the voltage across the diode, the voltage across the diode will be proportional to the logarithm current flowing through it. Hence the output of the circuit is proportional to the logarithm of the input voltage. QI DI RIN Al Figure QI The current flowing through a diode is given by the Shock' y Diode Equat n: 1,=1, (e" =1) where , is the current flowing through the diode g is the charge on the electron (given at the back of the examination sheet) V, is the voltage across the diode K, is Boltzmann's constant (given at the back of the examination sheet) Tis room temperature (given at the back of the examination sheet) Given that /,> 1, an approximate expression for V, as a function of I, is Continued overleaf Page 2 of 9 QI (a) 0) Neglecting any input…

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2.14 The spring-mass accelerometer shown schematically in figure 2.16 has a sensing mass of 0.05 kg and a spring constant of 150 N/m. Mass displacement is linearly converted to voltage by an LVDT with a transfer function of 0.45 V/cm. a. Derive an equation for output voltage, Vout, as a function of acceleration, a, in m/s². b. What range of output voltage results from a 0 m/s² to 20 m/s² acceleration range? c. What is the natural frequency of the system? FIGURE 2.16 Spring-mass accelerometer for problem 2.14. ܠܠܠܠܠܠ elle Spring, k Mass S/C Vout