1. Deficits in ___ may lead to a failure of ___ processing, while deficits of ___ compromise ____ processing. a. Oxytocin, interoceptive, dopamine, proprioceptive b. Dopamine, interoceptive, oxytocin, proprioceptive c. Dopamine, proprioceptive, oxytocin, interoceptive d. Oxytocin, proprioceptive, oxytocin, interoceptive   2. What is an example of how knowledge reduced fear? a. Fear of diseases that have no treatment that can reduce their natural history of death b. Knowledge about the side effects of vaccinations can reduce fear c. Knowledge about the biology of diseases that have no prevention or treatment d. Knowledge can override fear of disease

1b) The process of myelination results in an increase in white matter. Myelination happens for all brain regions. Because of increases in myelination i. At different times; neural signals can travel through the brain faster ii. At different times; neurogenesis is improved iii. At the same time; neurogenesis is improved iv. At the same time; neural signals can travel through the brain faster 1c) Which of the following is an illustration of experience-dependent plasticity? i. Rats raised in cages with toys have more dendritic spines and more synapses per neuron than rats raised in cages without this stimulation ii. The brain expects experiences that all humans have (such as visual and auditory input) and uses them to shape the structure of the brain. iii. Adults who became blind early in life were better able to discriminate musical pitch than were those who became blind later in life. iv. All of the above

13. Your fingertips have much better two-point discrimination than your torso. What does that suggest about the organization of primary somatosensory cortex? a. Fingertips are underrepresented relative to actual size, while the torso is overrepresented b. Fingertips and torso are both underrepresented relative to actual size c. Fingertips are overrepresented relative to actual size, while the torso is underrepresented d. The torso is not represented in this area e. Fingertips and torso are both overrepresented relative to actual size

1. Use the response of a pain receptor stimulated by a strong acid to illustrate the law of specifc nerve energies. 2a. Describe how the intensity of stimulation is encoded by a receptor, such as a hair cell. 2b. Contrast that with how the intensity of stimulation is encoded by the associated somatosensory neuron.

Describe Dr. LeDoux's direct ("fast and dirty") emotional pathways a. Emotional stimulus>dorso-medial thalamus>lateral nucleus of the amygdala b. Emotional stimulus>ventral sensory thalamus>neocortex>lateral nucleus of the amygdala c. Emotional stimulus>ventral sensory thalamus> PAG>central nucleus of the amygdala d. Emotional stimulus>ventral sensory thalamus> Hypothalamus>basolateral nucleus of the amygdala

People with amygdala damage have trouble recognizing expressions of fear. If you wanted to help such people recognize fear, which of the following should you ask them to change? a. The direction they focus their eyes b. The amount of protein in their diet c. Their time of waking and sleeping d. Their ratio of talking to listening

Basic neuroscience of emotions states which of the following?   A. Two different routes to the amygdala for sensory signals   B. Interoception alone controls emotional responses   C. Exteroception alone controls emotional responses   D. Appraisal of information controls emotional responses

The cortex is organized into __ which helps with complex cognitive processing. A. Columns B. Layers C. Nuclei D. Mosaics

Neuroimaging of the perception of facial expression suggests that a. the amygdala is selectively active when we view angry faces. b. the amygdala responds most strongly to fearful faces, particularly to the whites of the eyes. c. the amygdala is selectively active when we view sad faces. d. he amygdala responds most strongly to angry faces, particularly to enlarged pupils in the eyes.