1. Consider three components that are hooked up in parallel with equal failure rate as shown in Figure 1. Formulate the system reliability, R. and the equivalent MTBF. Figure 1

10. A receiver block diagram for a certain analog voice communication system is shown below. The SNR at the output of the LPF must be at least 6 dB for the voice to be understandable. The transmitter and the receiver are separated by a line-of-sight path with a distance of 4 km. The antenna at the transmitter and the receiver have a gain of 33 dB each and operates at a frequency of 2.4 GHz with a 20 MHz bandwidth. a. How much is the loss in decibels due to free space propagation? b. If the noise power measured at the antenna is 0.1 pW, what is the noise power at the output of the LPF? c. What is the minimum received power, Pr, in dBm that will make the voice output at the LPF be understandable for the user? d. If the transmit power is 5 W, how much is the link budget? e. What should be the minimum transmit power at the transmitter to achieve a successful communication?

Explain the significance of the pipeline fill and drain time.

List 2 main advantages and 2 main disadvantages of a fault tolerant design

explain in terms of complexity (i.e. using asymptotic analysis) the differences between the direct and multi-hop transmission strategies with respect to energy dissipation;

A link connected between two sits A&B, if the distance between the sites is 60 km and P(Tx) is 2 dB. R(min) is -26 dB, with Attenuation 15 dB and 4 connecters applied along the link, the loss for each connector is 0.6 dB, and the number of a link splicing is 40 points. Explain is the signal of this link will be arrived as an accepted signal, or no? Consider the splicing loss 0.1 dB and P-margin is 0.1 dB/km. طول الملك

Question 333  Assume a 15 cm diameter wafer has a cost of 12, contains 84 dies, and has0.020 defects/cm?. Assume a 20 cm diameter wafer has a cost of 15, contains 100dies, and has 0.031 defects/cm?. Find the cost per die for both wafers.   Full explain this question and text typing work only thanks

1. Draw a 16-QAM constellation diagram with two different peak amplitude values, 4 and 6, at four different phases and data points with (2, 2), (-2, 2), (-2, -2), (2, -2), (4, 4), (-4, 4), (-4, -4) and (4, -4).

4. Consider two systems S₁ and S₂ in which at most 25% of S₁ can be improved and its performance can be tripled, while at most 75% of S₂ can be improved and its performance can be doubled. Determine the speedup ratios for S, and S₂.

Discuss the techniques and methodologies for designing fault-tolerant systems to achieve high reliability.