1.) Consider the market for plastic grocery store bags. Suppose that demand for these bags is given by PD = 24 – QD and supply is given by PS = Q$. These bags, after they are used, pile up in the streets and get stuck in trees, creating unattractive litter. This litter imposes a negative externality of $2 per plastic bag. a.) Compute the socially optimal quantity of plastic bags. b.) Compute the competitive equilibrium in the market for plastic bags. Compute consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus in the market for plastic bags in this competitive equilibrium.

Consider the following graph of the market for chemical solvents, production of which damages a waterbody used for recreation. O A 00 Pric B 0 EH HL The firm's marginal profit (Mp) at the socially efficient equilibrium is GK K DG MSC MPC MSB = MPB Q of chemical solvents

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The restaurant industry develops an exciting new technology, a robot that quickly prepares food in half the usual time of chefs. This increases supply (producers save costs on labor) and demand (consumers find it fun to watch the robot make a meal) such that the price remains constant. However, the robot runs on coal and produces a lot of pollution, generating an external cost on production. How do consumer and producer surplus change as a result of this new technology? Choice 1 of 4:Consumer surplus increases but the change in producer surplus is indeterminateChoice 2 of 4:Producer surplus increases but the change in consumer surplus is indeterminateChoice 3 of 4:Both producer and consumer surplus increaseChoice 4 of 4:Both producer and consumer surplus decrease

The market for pens in Howards is perfectly competitive with no externalities. Market demand is given by Q=165-P. Market Supply is given by Q=P-16.What is total Surplus in this market?

The equations below represent the demand and supply curves for annual gym memberships in a city. qD= 500 − 2p,   qS=0.5p − 50 Because physical activity leads to better health, the city estimates that each annual gym membership saves $30 of public spending on healthcare per year (a positive externality). a. In a graph, show the market and the socially optimal equilibria for annual gym memberships in this city. Does the market equilibrium result in under- or over-consumption of memberships? What is the deadweight loss associated with the market failure in this situation? b. Would you recommend this city to implement a subsidy (a negative Pigouvian tax) to correct this market failure? If so, how much would be the subsidy per unit? What would be the effects of your proposed policy on the quantity, price, and aggregate welfare?

This is an end-of-chapter problem that I'm struggling with! thanks!

Why is it socially efficient to set marginal benefits equal to marginal costs rather than abating until total benefits equal total costs?

Parks confer many external benefits on society: open space, trees that reduce pollution, and so on. Therefore, the market equilibrium quantity of parks is not equal to the socially optimal quantity. The following graph shows the demand for parks (their private value), the supply of parks (the private cost of producing them), and the social value of parks, including both the private value and external benefits.   Use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the market equilibrium quantity. Next, use the purple point (diamond symbol) to indicate the socially optimal quantity.

Use the following information to answer Questions 1 - 4: In a competitive market for fresh lemonade, the market demand for 12-ounce servings is QD = 100 – 10P and the market supply is QS = 15P. Calculate the competitive market equilibrium price. Calculate the competitive market equilibrium quantity. Calculate Total Surplus at the competitive market equilibrium. Now suppose that the production of lemonade caused a costly negative externality on innocent bystanders (e.g., squirted acidic lemon juice in their eyes). Given the externality, would the unregulated market price of lemonade from 1 be efficient? If not, is it too high o too low?