1. Cl₂, H₂O 2. NaOH Another mechanism for the formation of epoxides is through the formation of a chlorohydrin. Alkenes react with chlorine in the presence of H₂O to give a chlorohydrin via a cyclic chloronium ion intermediate. When the chlorohydrin is treated with strong base, HCI is eliminated and the epoxide is formed. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions 27 →XT H H₂0 lla

Provide the missing reagents for the following transformations. Multiple steps may be required. Br HO + En. HO Br OH

CH3 གོན་ནི། ཡོན་ Br₂, H₂C CH₂Br H3C CH3 H₂C CH3 Aldehydes and ketones can be halogenated at their a-position by reaction with Cl₂, Br2, or 12, under acidic conditions. Using Br₂ under acidic conditions, an intermediate enol is formed which adds bromine at the a-position. The reaction stops after the addition of one bromine because the electron-withdrawing halogen decreases the basicity of the carbonyl oxygen, making the protonation less favorable. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions :0: :OH н-он H-OH₂ H₂O H₂C. H3C. CH3 CH3 H3C CH3 H3C CH3 Σα

draw the reaction, including reactants, reagents and products.

Suggest a step by step mechanism for this reaction.

Synthesis: Show how you would carry out the following synthesis. Include the reagents you would need for each step and the intermediate products formed in each step. You may use any inorganic reagents you need and organic reagents with 6 or fewer carbons.

For the hydrolysis reaction of a nitrile with H30*, H30*, which of the following is produced intermediately. O Amide O Amine O Amine and acid O Amide and acid

The SN1 mechanism starts with the rate-determining step which is the dissociation of the alkyl halide into a carbocation and a halide ion. The next step is the rapid reaction of the carbocation intermediate with the nucleophile; this step completes the nucleophilic substitution stage. The step that follows the nucleophilic substitution is a fast acid-base reaction. The nucleophile now acts as a base to remove the proton from the oxonium ion from the previous step, to give the observed product. Draw a curved arrow mechanism for the reaction, adding steps as necessary. Be sure to include all nonzero formal charges.

Which of the following alkyl halides will react with Nal in acetone fastest to form a precipitate? O 1-fluoro-1-methylcyclopentane O 3-bromohexane O 2-chloro-2-methylpropane O 1-bromohexane

9.