1. (b) The article "Who Wants Airbags" in Chance 18 (2005): 3-16 discusses whether air bagsshould be mandatory equipment in all new automobiles. Using data from the National HighwayTraffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), they obtain the following information about fatalitiesand the usage of air bags and seat belts. All passenger cars sold in the U.S. starting in 1998 arerequired to have air bags. NHTSA estimates that air bags have saved 10,000 lives as of January2004. The authors examined accidents in which there was a harmful event (personal or property),and from which at least one vehicle was towed. After some screening of the data, theyobtained the following results Page 1 of 3 Air Bag Installed Yes No Total Killed 19,276 27,924 47,200 Survived 5,723,539 4,826,982 10,550,521 Total 5,742,815 4,854,906 10,597,721 i. Represent the data using suitable diagram. ii. Is there any relation between the Air Bag installed and survival? What is the intensity? i. Calculate the odds of being killed in a harmful event car accident for a vehicle withand without air bags. Interpret the two odds. iv. Calculate the odds ratio of being killed in a harmful event car accident with andwithout air bags. What does this ratio tell you about the importance of having airbags in a vehicle?

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