1. Are electric field vectors always perpendicular to equipotential lines? Why or why not?

Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update (No access codes included)
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Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
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Chapter23: Electric Fields
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 23.1CQ: (a) Would life be different if the electron were positively charged and the proton were negatively...
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Please provide an adequate explanation.
1. Are electric field vectors always perpendicular to equipotential lines? Why or why not?
2. If we introduced a negative test charge into our disc-rod system, where do we expect the charge to go? Why?
3. Suppose that we configured the system such that the rod has the higher potential than the disc:
a. Which region(s) will have the strongest and weakest electric fields? Why?
b. What will be the general direction of the electric field?

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