1. Activation of Olfactory Receptors: odorants are dissolved in mucus surrounding olfactory neurons cilia. Odorant-binding proteins transport odorants through mucus to receptors on the cilia of the olfactory neuron. Binding of an odorant to the receptor activates a that triggers an enzyme, adenylate cyclase, to convert ATP into (CAMP). CAMP opens ion channels that allow sodium and calcium ions to enter the cell, which cause depolarization and the generation of an action potential if threshold is reached. Once action potential is generated, transduction has occurred. 2. The Olfactory Pathway neural signals carrying olfactory information travel to various regions of the brain for detection and odor identification. The olfactory tract is the only sensory pathway that bypasses the What is the primary olfactory cortex responsible for? The amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and components of the limbic system receive information from the primary olfactory cortex, which evokes emotional and visceral responses to odors. atomy and Physiology of Taste A. The gustatory sense (taste) involves chemoreceptors that are stimulated by various chemicals. Taste begins with stimulation of specialized receptor cells called which are small clusters of receptor cells and supporting cells scattered about the tongue and other surfaces of the oral cavity. B. Structures of Gustation: Taste Buds. The tongue is covered with rounded projections called papillae, which can be further classified into four classes based upon shape: (circumvallate) papillae, papillae, papillae, and papillae. Taste buds are usually located on the lateral surfaces of papillae and contain the following three cell types: (taste) cells, cells, and_ cells.

why nature is an art

What do you mean by transportation?

The factory is run by a boss, but he or she rarely comes down to the factory floor. Instead, the boss sits in the office where all the blueprints and designs for the factory products are kept. The boss sends orders to the factory workers on the floor with instructions on what to make next as well as how much to make. The boss's office represents the A. Smooth ER B. Nucleus C. Rough ER