1. A severely dehydrated patient is admitted to the Emergency Department. Which of the following would NOT be elevated in this patient? A. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) B. Plasma renin C. Plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D. Sympathetic nervous 2. When ADH levels increase: A. the amount of water reabsorbed increases. B. the amount of water reabsorbed decreases. C. the DCT becomes impermeable to water. D. sodium ions are exchanged for potassium ions.

Select the medication class(es) that has/have evidence for slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease. a. ARBS b. SGLT2 inhibitors C. Thiazide diuretics Od. Loop diuretics

28. Aldosterone, a steroid hormone, is released to control Extracellular Volume. Which circulating molecule causes the release of the hormone?    A.ADH B.angiotensinogen C.ANF D.A-II

1. Patient Z is 65 year old female in for a routine checkup. She is not complaining of any symptoms and generally feels fine. Is there anything in the results of her urine test that a doctor may want to investigate further? A. Urine pH B. Presence of calcium C. Color of urine D. Absence of Glucose and E. Protein

1.Which of the following statements about the renal plasma flow rate (RPR) is/are correct? i.The RPR is a healthy person is around 625 mL/min II. Para-aminohippurate (PAH) is filtered and secreted. Its clearance rate is a useful measure for the RPR. III. A blockage in the renal artery decreases the RPR. 2.Spermatozoa are ___________ and produced by __________. Select one: a. sperm cells; seminiferous tubules b. male sex hormones; bladder  c. sperm cells; prostate gland d. seminal fluids; seminal vesicles e. male sex hormones; epididymis   3.Glucose and ____________ are reabsorbed in the proximal tubule by____________: Select one: a. water; osmosis b. water; primary active transport c. potassium; facilitated diffusion. d. amino acids; secondary active transport e. sodium; third active transport