1. A nozzle is attached to the end of a 3-in. diameter water pipe. A jet of water with a diameter of 1.5-in. discharges into the open atmosphere. The pressure in the pipe is P₁ = 60 psig and the rate of discharge of 60°F water at steady-state is Q = 400 gal/min. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the force necessary to hold the nozzle to the pipe.

Examine the influence of molecular dipoles on the interaction between polar and nonpolar molecules. How do these interactions affect the mixing and stability of solutions in chemical engineering processes?

Under what conditions is a membrane cascade of multiple stages in series necessary?

You would like a metal plate with good weldability. During the welding process, the metal next to the weld is heated almost to the melting temperature and, depending on the welding parameters, may remain hot for some period of time. Design an alloy that will minimize the loss of strength in this “heat-affected zone” during the welding process.