1. (7 points) The enzyme fumarase catalyzes the interconversion of fumarate and malate. Show the mechanism for fumarase converting malate into fumarate as seen below. The enzyme supplies an acid (H-B). H H₂O HO H₂O Soc H 800 H-B

Psilocybin is a hallucinogenic compound found in some mushrooms. Present a straightforward pathway for its biosynthesis from one of the aromatic amino acids.

Flavonoid undergoes phase II metabolic conversion as it passage through the small intestinal enterocytes and the liver before it is delivered to the general circulation to be available for use by the body.1. What is phase II metabolism?2. Which polyphenol metabolites can be formed?3. How does this affect the biological activity of polyphenols (in the body)?

Differentiate sweet molecules in Column A using the criteria in column B.                                                             Acesulfame-K and Aspartame                                                             Xylitol and Sucrose                                                             Maltose vs. Saccharin                                                             Stevioside and fructose A. Difference based on Composition B. Difference based on Production C. Caloric value D. stability in acidic medium and increased temperature