Elements Of Electromagnetics
Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780190698614
Author: Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Laws of thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is a field of research, which needs the creation of absolute and ideal states and logical and practical examination of the actual conditions. By considering all the laws and theories of thermodynamics, the chemical reactions, the occurrenc…
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### Problem Statement: **1. 100 kg of R-134a initially fill a weighted piston-cylinder device at 60 kPa and -20°C. The device is then heated until the temperature is 136°C and the piston is compressed to 700 kPa. Determine the change in the device’s volume as a result of the heating.** ### Diagram Description: The accompanying diagram illustrates a weighted piston-cylinder device containing 100 kg of R-134a, a refrigerant. The initial states of the refrigerant are: - Pressure: 60 kPa - Temperature: -20°C The device undergoes a heating process, which results in the following final states: - Temperature: 136°C - Pressure: 700 kPa The diagram shows a piston in a cylinder with labels indicating the initial and final states of pressure, temperature, and mass of the refrigerant. ### Solution Approach: The problem requires finding the change in volume of the piston-cylinder device as a result of heating. To solve this, the following steps should be taken: 1. **Determine Initial Specific Volume:** - Use R-134a refrigerant tables or thermodynamic properties to find the specific volume (v1) at the initial state (60 kPa, -20°C). 2. **Determine Final Specific Volume:** - Use R-134a refrigerant tables or thermodynamic properties to find the specific volume (v2) at the final state (700 kPa, 136°C). 3. **Calculate Initial and Final Volumes:** - Initial Volume (V1): Multiply the specific volume (v1) by the mass of the refrigerant (100 kg). - Final Volume (V2): Multiply the specific volume (v2) by the mass of the refrigerant (100 kg). 4. **Determine Volume Change:** - Change in Volume (ΔV): Subtract the initial volume (V1) from the final volume (V2). ### Refrigerant Properties: These can be found in property tables for R-134a like saturated refrigerant temperature/pressure tables or superheated tables. ### Example Calculation: (Example numbers will vary based on actual property tables used) ### Using R-134a Property Tables: 1. **Find initial specific volume (v1):** - Suppose v1 = 0.2875 m³/kg (hypothetical value from tables for 60 kPa, -20
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Transcribed Image Text:### Problem Statement: **1. 100 kg of R-134a initially fill a weighted piston-cylinder device at 60 kPa and -20°C. The device is then heated until the temperature is 136°C and the piston is compressed to 700 kPa. Determine the change in the device’s volume as a result of the heating.** ### Diagram Description: The accompanying diagram illustrates a weighted piston-cylinder device containing 100 kg of R-134a, a refrigerant. The initial states of the refrigerant are: - Pressure: 60 kPa - Temperature: -20°C The device undergoes a heating process, which results in the following final states: - Temperature: 136°C - Pressure: 700 kPa The diagram shows a piston in a cylinder with labels indicating the initial and final states of pressure, temperature, and mass of the refrigerant. ### Solution Approach: The problem requires finding the change in volume of the piston-cylinder device as a result of heating. To solve this, the following steps should be taken: 1. **Determine Initial Specific Volume:** - Use R-134a refrigerant tables or thermodynamic properties to find the specific volume (v1) at the initial state (60 kPa, -20°C). 2. **Determine Final Specific Volume:** - Use R-134a refrigerant tables or thermodynamic properties to find the specific volume (v2) at the final state (700 kPa, 136°C). 3. **Calculate Initial and Final Volumes:** - Initial Volume (V1): Multiply the specific volume (v1) by the mass of the refrigerant (100 kg). - Final Volume (V2): Multiply the specific volume (v2) by the mass of the refrigerant (100 kg). 4. **Determine Volume Change:** - Change in Volume (ΔV): Subtract the initial volume (V1) from the final volume (V2). ### Refrigerant Properties: These can be found in property tables for R-134a like saturated refrigerant temperature/pressure tables or superheated tables. ### Example Calculation: (Example numbers will vary based on actual property tables used) ### Using R-134a Property Tables: 1. **Find initial specific volume (v1):** - Suppose v1 = 0.2875 m³/kg (hypothetical value from tables for 60 kPa, -20
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