Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780078022159
Author: Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Answer the following in your own words:
1) Your friend says they implemented a stack as a linked list with reference pointers to both a head and the tail node (i.e. they implemented a stack as a double endedlinked list). They said this significantly improved the performance for all functions (push, pop, search, and update). Are they correct? Why or why not?
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- Discuss the differences between the array implementation and the linked list implementation of queues. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of each implementation.arrow_forwardQuestion 3 a. "Queues and stacks are used in many real-life situations". In your own words, clearly distinguish between queues and stacks; and give one example of real-life situations in which each of them is used. b. In an array-based implementation of a stack, which end of the contents of the array represent the bottom of the stack and why? c. If the size of circular queue K is 4 with indices number from 0 to 3 what would be the state of the queue after the following set of 8 operations below. Show in a diagram the state of queue K after each of the 8 operations. K. enqueue (“F"), K. enqueue (“R"), K. dequeue(), K. enqueue (“P"), dequeue(), K.front(), K. enqueue (“Z"), K. enqueue (“G") d. Why are insertions and deletions at the logical end of the array more efficient than insertions and deletions in the interior of the array?arrow_forwardArray lists and linked lists are both examples of how lists may be implemented. Justify the use of a linked list instead of an array list. Defend your behavior in each instance.arrow_forward
- Select true or false for the statements below. Explain your answers if you like to receive partial credit 4) Given a stack implemented as a standard linked list (only a head pointer) with O(1)push and O(1) pop, and the following functions are performed in sequence:Push(“Charmander”), Push(“Squirtle”), Push(“Bulbasaur”), Pop(), Push(“Larvitar”),Push(“Eevee”), Pop(), Pop()Which of the following is true after all the functions are executed?a. Charmander and Squirtle will be the only elements left on the stackb. The head node will be pointing to Charmanderc. If you Push(“Pikachu”), it will be the last node of the linked listarrow_forwardPlease help solve the python problem, thank youarrow_forwardYou are going to be asked to make a singly-linked list of singly-linked lists. How are you designing your data structure to best facilitate this design? Be sure to explain how the data is internally stored within your linked list of linked lists. (PI 1.1/ABET[1], PI 6.1/ABET[6]) #Pythonarrow_forward
- During our conversation about Stacks, Queues, and Deques, we talked about the circular array implementation of a queue. 1. Why didn't we need a circular array implementation of a stack? What quality, specifically, does a queue have that led to a need for the circular array implementation? (You need to be specific here, but shouldn't require more than a sentence of two to answer this.) 2. You've seen that the dynamically-allocated array underlying a std::vector is resized periodically. Propose an algorithm for resizing the array used in the circular array implementation of a queue when it comes time to enqueue an element and the array is full. How much larger is your new array? How do the contents of your queue look different than before? 3. Assuming your algorithm was used to solve the problem of resizing the array when it's full, what is the amortized running time of the enqueue operation? (You may want to refer back to the Amortized Analysis lecture while you consider this.)arrow_forwardPlease explain Q#Do the time complexities of a singly linked list differ from the time complexities of the operations (update, insert, lookup, delete) of a doubly-linked list? Group of answer choices a. Yes, the Big-O complexities are different for some of the operations. Adding the additional pointer to the previous node in the doubly linked list makes half of the operations slower. b. No, the Big-O complexities do not differ. While a Doubly linked list uses an additional pointer of memory, it does not in fact modify the Big-O run-time. c. Yes, the Big-O complexities are different for all of the operations. Adding the additional pointer to the previous node in the doubly linked list makes all operations slower.arrow_forwardWhat is the benefit of having a link-based implementation of the List that also tracks a reference to the last Node in the chain? Select one: a. It requires more pointes to be adjusted when performing the basic List operations b. It makes adding a new entry to a specified position an O(1) operation c. It makes the remove operation an O(1) operation d. It makes adding a new entry to the back of the List an O(1) operationarrow_forward
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