(1) Label the following statements as true or false and briefly explain your answer: (a) A spontaneous process always happens very quickly. (b) A spontaneous process can occur with a large decrease in entropy. (2) Consider a reaction with DH = 3.6 kcal/mole and DS = 11.9 cal/(mol*K). Is the reaction spontaneous (a) @ 10 °C and (b) @ 80 °C? Show your work. (3) Calculate the DG for the reaction A + B C+ D at 25 °C when the equilibrium concentrations are [A] = 10 mM, [B] = 15 mM, [C] = 3 mM, and [D] = 5 mM. What is the DG for this reaction? Is the reaction exergonic or endergonic under standard conditions? Show your work. (4) Using a chemical drawing program (e.g. ChemSketch or Marvin Sketch), please illustrate an example of 2 reducing and 2 non-reducing sugars. Be sure to indicate the REDUCING END of the 2 reducing sugars (NOTE: most programs include templates with the hexoses and pentoses pre-drawn, feel free to use these templates). (5) There are several qualitative chemical tests available for determining the presence of reducing sugars in solution. a. Please identify and describe two of these tests, briefly indicating how the reducing sugar is chemically detected and how the user reads out the result (2-3 sentences max, per test). b. Using a chemical test for a reducing sugar, please indicate whether the following carbohydrates would test POSITIVE as a reducing sugar (Yes or No): 1. Mannose 2. Lactose 3. Amylose 4. α-D-Glucose 5. Maltose 6. Trehalose 7. a-Methyl-D-Mannoside 8. Glycogen 9. Sucrose 10. Cellobiose

the activation energy for the reaction described below is kJ. [to answer, you must identify two numbers on the y-axis and subtract them.] * Energy 250 kJ Reactants 200 kJ Heat AH evolved 100 kJ Products 100 kJ Reaction

3L2.2

uce the observations about each chemical reaction in the table below to decide the sign (positive or negative) of the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction entropy Note: if you have not been given enough information to decide a sign, select the "unknown" option. reaction observations conclusions The reverse of this reaction is always spontaneous but proceeds slower at temperatures below 132. °C. AH is (pick one) AS is (pick one) His (pick one) B This reaction is endothermic. AS is (pick one) This reaction is spontaneous except below 110. °C but proceeds at a slower rate below 135. °C. AH IS (pick one) AS is (pick one)v