1) Hormone pathologies often manifest with elevated or lower hormones. The underlying cause may differ. What symptoms would be associated with hyperthyroidism?
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- Which hormones produced in the posterior and anterior lobes of the pituitary gland have the targets indicated? Below, fill in the blanks using the abbreviations noted in Section 15.3.A) It is often said that growth hormone (GH) has both direct and indirect effects. Describe carefully what is meant by this. b) Also give examples of how a disorder in the system in which GH is involved can cause symptoms. Explain the mechanism behind.Which of the statements is/are incorrect for hormones? 1) Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals serving as intercellular messengers. 2) Hormones are molecules of low molecular weight and are produced in traces. 3) Hormones give energy and also effect metabolism and growth activities of target cells. 4) Many hormones are produced in inactive form.
- 1. Consider the endocrine system and hormones. a) What are the three general chemical classes of hormone? b) List the THREE physiological functions of the thyroid hormones. c) How are thyroid hormones transported in the bloodstream? Why? Do the hormones enter the target cell directly? Describe the sequence of events when thyroid hormones bind to their receptors.2. State which hormone is probably responsible for each physiological phenomenon described below and explain why. a) Blood glucose levels remained constant even though someone went 20 hours without eating or drinking. b) Heart rate and breathing rate increase when someone is awoken by a loud noise in the middle of the night. c) A grown man's jaw and forehead become thick and deformed.The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on a) the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path O b) the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ c) the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ
- Consider the communication between the hypothalamus, pituitary and various target organs when answering this question. For each condition discussed, state the change you would expect to find for each hormone/compound addressed - INCREASED, DECREASED, UNAFFECTED, CAN'T INTERPRET: A patient suffering from untreated Graves disease: A) TSH B) Calcitonin C) Thyroxine(T4/T3) D) TRH A patient suffering from untreated goiter: A) TSH B) Calcitonin C) Thyroxine(T4/T3) D) TRH A patient suffering from pituitary tumor secreting ACTH: A) CRH B) ACTH C) Cortisol D) Plasma potassium level Now, let's consider calcium metabolism and balance. For each condition discussed, state the change you would expect to find for hormone/calcium levels - INCREASED, DECREASED, UNAFFECTED, CAN'T INTERPRET: A patient with…Functions of Various Hormones 1. Increases water reabsorption in the kidney tubules 2. Promotes the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys to increase water reabsorption 3. Regulates secretion of hormones by anterior pituitary gland 4. Stimulates mitosis and promotes bone and muscle growth 5. Raises blood glucose level in response to long-term stress 6. Triggers fight-or-flight response for short-term stress Match four of the functions numbered above with the rmones given below. Function: Antidiuretic Hormone: Cortisol Aldosterone Epinephrine hormonea) How does the body's hormonal response to short-term stress differ from the body's hormonal response to long-term stress? In your answer, provide the names of the hormones released, the glands from which they are released, and the effects on the body. b) Provide 2 reasons (as discussed in class) why long-term stress is harmful to our physical health.
- Give 3 examples of probable endocrine disruptors. Why are endocrine disruptors ofconcern even at very low concentrations?Briefly describe:a) the endocrine system (what biological systems are involved), andb) 3 ways endocrine disruptors (EDs) affect the endocrine systemCan someone help me answer questions #1-4, please. Thank you! 1. A) Describe the etiology behind the most common cause for hyperthyroidism. (Not ‘too much thyroid hormones’!) B) What happens to levels of tropic and to levels of glandular hormones associated with the thyroid with this type of hyperthyroidism? C) Describe two health problems associated with hyperthyroidism. 2. A) Differentiate, in terms of etiology, between primary versus secondary hormone disorders. B) Name three reasons why target cells apparently fail to respond to hormones. 3. A) What results from hypersecretion of growth hormone before puberty? B) After puberty? C) Explain, in terms of hormonal effects, the reasons behind the two specific signs associated with hypersecretion of growth hormone after puberty. 4. A) Define Cushing’s syndrome in terms of adrenal hormones. B) Differentiate between ACTH- and non-ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome. C) Explain two reasons why a person with Cushing’s syndrome may develop…Which of the following statements about endocrine targeting and reception is correct? a. The idea that one hormone affects one type of tissue is illustrated when epinephrine cannot adivate both the receptors on liver cells and the beta receptors of heart muscle. B. The idea that the response to a hormone is the same amling different target cells is shown when diferent liver cells are activated by insulin. C. The idea that one hormone affects one type of tissue is illustrated when epinephrine binds to smooth cells in blood vessels, as well as to beta cells in heart muscle d. The idea that a minute concentration of hormone can cause widespread effects demonstrates the specificity if cells for certain hormones. E. The idea that a target cell can responds to more than one hormone is illustrated by a vertabrate liver cell responding to insulin and glucagon.