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Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
A. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if not.
1. Tool-making and tool using abilities of the early hominids are clear evidences that human evolution is gradually taking place toward modern forms of humanity including technology and civilization.
2. Primatologist, physical anthropologists, and paleoanthropologist have agreed that the modern-day primates one finds in the wild or in the zoos will eventually develop into an atomically, modern-day humans.
3. From tree-dwelling existence toward land dwelling adaptation, this new survival pattern adopted by the early hominids is known as arboreality.
4. Brain size expansion or the gradual increase of the human brain of our prehuman ancestors from 300 cc to 1000 cc is known as terrestrialism.
5. Upright walking or the serious attempt of our pre human ancestors to ambulate on two legs and feet is known as bipedalism.
6. One major factor why our early human ancestors developed the ability and skill to speak is not only attributed to the gradual narrowing of the mouth and larynx over time but also to FOXP2, the speech gene found on chromosomes 7 of our DNA, which continues to evolve.
7. Upon complete fertilization of the mother's ovum, the offspring mainly carries the genetic code of life know as messenger RNA which is essential in tracing one's future ancestry or lineage.
8. The early human ancestors included homo erectus species which were not only found in africa but also in asia.
9. Modern man and woman's distinction and uniqueness from the animal world is attributed to their capacity to rationalize their behavior before conducting any future action as well as the ability to utilize symbols during the communication process.
10. The story of creation historically formed the basis for evolutionism.
B. Essay. Explain your answer in not more than five sentences.
- Why is it essential or important to study primates like orangutans, chimpanzees, and gorillas in their natural habitat like a jungle or rain forest? Discuss fully one reason in relation to understanding the story of human evolution.
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- Match each group with its description. _____ hominins a. first to be found outside Africa _____ tarsiers b. modem humans _____ Homo erectus c. defined by bipedalism _____ Homo sapiens d. primates, but not anthropoids. _____ Homohabilis e. short-statured hobbits _____ Homo floresiensis f. name means handy manarrow_forwardThe defining trait of hominins is __________. a. tool use b. bipedalism c. a big brain d. endothermyarrow_forwardGenomics and Human Evolution The Denisovan genome contains sequences that originated from an unknown human species. Using Figure 19.11, speculate on which species this might be. Is it possible that there are other ancestral species that may remain to be discovered that would change the phylogeny presented in the figure? FIGURE 19.11 Estimates for the dates of origin and extinction for the three main groups of hominins (green, blue, and orange). The australopithecines split into two groups about 2.7 million years ago. One of those groups, the genus Homo, contains the ancestors to our species, H. sapiens.arrow_forward
- INTERPRET DATA Which of the primates in Figure 18-18 is the most distantly related to humans? Explain your answer. Figure 18-18 Differences in DNA nucleotide sequences as evidence of evolutionary relationships Comparing the same gene in different organisms provides a window into evolution. Here the differences in the non-protein-coding region of the -globin gene are compared between humans and other primates. Evolutionary biologists are rapidly expanding such studies from comparing one or several genes to comparing entire genomes.arrow_forwardWhen systematists study morphological or behavioral traits to reconstruct the evolutionary history of a group of animals, they assume that: a. similarities and differences in phenotypic characters reflectunderlying genetic similarities and differences. b. the animals use exactly the same traits to identify appropriatemates. c. differences in these traits caused speciation in the past. d. the adaptive value of these traits can be explained. e. variations in these traits are produced by environmentaleffects during development.arrow_forwardSome scientists now think that fossils identified as Homo erectus represent which two different species? (a) H. habilis and H. erectus (b) H. ergaster and H. erectus (c) H. heidelbergensis and H. ergaster (d) H. neanderthalensis and H. erectus (e) H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiensarrow_forward
- New World monkeys _____. a. lack a tail b. are bipedal c. live only in Africa d. are dry-nosed primates e. are human ancestors f. all of the abovearrow_forwardExplain why the statement that a monkey is more evolved than a mouse is incorrect.arrow_forwardThe Evolutionary History and Spread of Our Species (Homo sapiens) a. Briefly describe the two major theories discussed in this chapter about the origin of modern humans. b. Which of these two theories would predict a closer relationship for the various modern human populations? c. Which of the two theories is best supported by the genetic evidence?arrow_forward
- Scientists collectively call humans and their immediate ancestors (a) mammals (b) primates (c) anthropoids (d) hominoids (e) homininsarrow_forwardReptiles are adapted to life on land by _____. a. waterproof skin b. internal fertilization c. efficient kidneys d. amniote eggs e. both a and c f. all of the abovearrow_forwardThe phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae) reproduced at right was assembled from molecular sequence data. Which species is the domestic cats closest relative? Which clade is the sister taxon to tigers? Are bobcats more closely related to cougars or to ocelots? Source: From Warren E. Johnson et al. 2006. The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment. Science 311:7377.arrow_forward
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