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. Write the skeletal structures of propanal, acetone and cyclohexanone. What is the major intermolecular force (IMF) found in them? Based on their major intermolecular force and molecular weight, what can you predict on their solubility in water?  Chemical Name Skeletal Structures Major IMF Solubility in water  Propanal         Acetone          Cyclohexanone            2. What is the purpose of Tollens’ test (Part B)? What is the evidence of a positive result? 3. What is the purpose of oxidation test (Part C)? What is the evidence of a positive result?

. Write the skeletal structures of propanal, acetone and cyclohexanone. What is the major intermolecular force (IMF) found in them? Based on their major intermolecular force and molecular weight, what can you predict on their solubility in water?  Chemical Name Skeletal Structures Major IMF Solubility in water  Propanal         Acetone          Cyclohexanone            2. What is the purpose of Tollens’ test (Part B)? What is the evidence of a positive result? 3. What is the purpose of oxidation test (Part C)? What is the evidence of a positive result?

Chemistry
Chemistry
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ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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1. Write the skeletal structures of propanal, acetone and cyclohexanone. What is the major intermolecular force (IMF) found in them? Based on their major intermolecular force and molecular weight, what can you predict on their solubility in water? 

Chemical Name Skeletal Structures Major IMF Solubility in water 
Propanal

 

 

    
Acetone 

 

 

    
Cyclohexanone 

 

 

    
 

2. What is the purpose of Tollens’ test (Part B)? What is the evidence of a positive result?

3. What is the purpose of oxidation test (Part C)? What is the evidence of a positive result?
OBJECTIVES: In this experiment, we will do a series of chemical reactions designed to characterize aldehydes and ketones. You will be able to determine if a reaction has occurred by several means, including color changes and chemical odors. REAGENTS AND CHEMICALS: Chromic acid solution • Tollens' Reagent . Concentrated sulfuric acid (Be careful!) • Benedict's Reagent • Acetone • Propanal . Cyclohexanone PROCEDURE: A. Benedict's Test for Aldehyde Benedict's Test is often used to test for the presence of glucose in urine. It identifies aldehyde functional group. For this part of the experiment, use the freshly prepared Benedict's reagent, add about 3 mL to three very clean test tubes. To each of these tubes, containing the Benedict's reagent, add one of the following: • Tube 1 : 2 drops of propanal • Tube 2:5 drops of acetone • Tube 3: 10 drops of cyclohexanone Place test tube in a boiling water bath and record the color development in 3-5 minutes, and note the results in Table 1. The solution containing the glucose may take 10-15 minutes to react. B. Tollens' Test (Silver mirror test) for Aldehydes This test is based on the ability of an aldehyde (which is easily oxidized) to reduce silver ions in solution, forming either a black deposit of free silver or a silver mirror within the test tube. The aldehyde group is oxidized to an carboxylic acid during this reaction. Tollens' reagent is made by reacting silver nitrate solution with diluted ammonium hydroxide. Rinse all glass equipment with distilled water before use. Using the freshly prepared Tollens' Reagent, add about 3 mL to three very clean test tubes. To each of these tubes, containing the Tollens' Reagent, add one of the following: • Tube 1 : 2 drops of propanal ● Tube 2: 2 drops of acetone
Transcribed Image Text:OBJECTIVES: In this experiment, we will do a series of chemical reactions designed to characterize aldehydes and ketones. You will be able to determine if a reaction has occurred by several means, including color changes and chemical odors. REAGENTS AND CHEMICALS: Chromic acid solution • Tollens' Reagent . Concentrated sulfuric acid (Be careful!) • Benedict's Reagent • Acetone • Propanal . Cyclohexanone PROCEDURE: A. Benedict's Test for Aldehyde Benedict's Test is often used to test for the presence of glucose in urine. It identifies aldehyde functional group. For this part of the experiment, use the freshly prepared Benedict's reagent, add about 3 mL to three very clean test tubes. To each of these tubes, containing the Benedict's reagent, add one of the following: • Tube 1 : 2 drops of propanal • Tube 2:5 drops of acetone • Tube 3: 10 drops of cyclohexanone Place test tube in a boiling water bath and record the color development in 3-5 minutes, and note the results in Table 1. The solution containing the glucose may take 10-15 minutes to react. B. Tollens' Test (Silver mirror test) for Aldehydes This test is based on the ability of an aldehyde (which is easily oxidized) to reduce silver ions in solution, forming either a black deposit of free silver or a silver mirror within the test tube. The aldehyde group is oxidized to an carboxylic acid during this reaction. Tollens' reagent is made by reacting silver nitrate solution with diluted ammonium hydroxide. Rinse all glass equipment with distilled water before use. Using the freshly prepared Tollens' Reagent, add about 3 mL to three very clean test tubes. To each of these tubes, containing the Tollens' Reagent, add one of the following: • Tube 1 : 2 drops of propanal ● Tube 2: 2 drops of acetone
• Tube 3: 5 drops of cyclohexanone All the tubes to stand undisturbed and note the results in Table 2. C. Oxidation Test for Aldehyde Aldehydes react with oxidizing agents to produce carboxylic acids. Ketones, however, can not be oxidized. Aldehydes R H + 2003 + 3 H₂SO4 R OH 3 H₂0 + Cr₂(SO4)3 green CAUTION: Wear gloves. Dispense and use chromic acid (highly oxidizing regent) solution in hood. You will use 2-mL portions of acetone, propanal and cyclohexanone in separate test tubes. Then, to the test tubes, add dropwise about 1 mL of chromic acid solution. Observe any changes in color, whether heat it generated, if gases are produced, etc. Write down all observations for each alcohol in Table 3. Positive Test A Positive test for aldehydes consists in the production of opaque suspension with a green to blue color. Ketone give no visible reaction, the solution remaining orange in color. Disregard any change after 15 seconds.
Transcribed Image Text:• Tube 3: 5 drops of cyclohexanone All the tubes to stand undisturbed and note the results in Table 2. C. Oxidation Test for Aldehyde Aldehydes react with oxidizing agents to produce carboxylic acids. Ketones, however, can not be oxidized. Aldehydes R H + 2003 + 3 H₂SO4 R OH 3 H₂0 + Cr₂(SO4)3 green CAUTION: Wear gloves. Dispense and use chromic acid (highly oxidizing regent) solution in hood. You will use 2-mL portions of acetone, propanal and cyclohexanone in separate test tubes. Then, to the test tubes, add dropwise about 1 mL of chromic acid solution. Observe any changes in color, whether heat it generated, if gases are produced, etc. Write down all observations for each alcohol in Table 3. Positive Test A Positive test for aldehydes consists in the production of opaque suspension with a green to blue color. Ketone give no visible reaction, the solution remaining orange in color. Disregard any change after 15 seconds.
Expert Solution
Step 1

#1: 

Propanal is an aldehyde(R-CHO) with 3 C atoms. 

Acetone is a ketone(RCOR) with 3 C atoms.

Cyclohexanone is also a ketone(RCOR) with 6 C atoms. 

 

 

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