. What are common concepts in the system theory? Define each. 2. What is a system process and its alternative names? 3. How deterministic process is different from stochastic process?

(A) Complex systems and their interconnected parts are studied in system theory. System theory offers a helpful framework for understanding how various organizational components cooperate to accomplish a shared objective in operations management. Systems, subsystems, inputs, processes, outputs, feedback, and control are typical system theory notions. These ideas are linked and rely on one another, giving the organization and its activities a complete picture. Operations managers may build and oversee effective, efficient, and flexible systems to change circumstances by understanding these ideas.

(B) A system process in operations management is a collection of connected actions or activities intended to convert inputs into outputs. Depending on the situation, a system process may be referred to as a production, manufacturing, or operational process. The system process may be straightforward or intricate and may go through several phases, including planning, designing, scheduling, executing, and monitoring. A system process aims to produce the desired result while increasing efficiency and reducing waste. Manufacturing at a factory, service delivery in a hospital, and sales in a retail store are a few examples of system processes in many sectors. To enhance the performance and competitiveness of the company, system processes management demands rigorous planning, monitoring, and continual improvement.

(C) If there is no randomness or unpredictability in the process, a deterministic approach in operations management is one in which the outcome can be confidently anticipated based on the input. In contrast, a stochastic process is one in which the product is unpredictable and cannot be accurately predicted from the information. Demand for goods or services, wait periods for deliveries, and equipment failures are a few examples of the stochastic processes that occur in real life. The tools and methods needed to manage stochastic processes differ from those required to handle deterministic systems. While stochastic processes employ probabilistic models and simulation tools, deterministic processes use mathematical models and optimization approaches. Operations managers must be able to distinguish between deterministic and stochastic processes to manage and boost their organization's performance properly.