. Independent assortment predicts a 9:3:3:1 ratio with four different phenotypes in the F2 progeny. If the alleles are epistatic, what would you predict? A) more than four phenotypes B) fewer than four phenotypes C) heterozygotes with a novel phenotype between the dominant and recessive homozygotes D) 1/3 of the progeny with the dominant phenotypes and 2/3 recessive E) no change in the 9:3:3:1 ratio

II. Given the following pedigree below, use Punnett squares for each of the following possibilities: a) X- linked dominant and b) X-linked recessive in order to determine what is the mode of transmission of this trait. Disease allele = XA or Xª, depending on mode of transmission of the disease respectively. *Unaffected/No carrier-Normal Unaffected X chromosome = X I || III 1 1 2 a) X-linked recessive 9 III 6 genotype (circle one): XX * 1 2 3 11x12 4 ΧΑΧΑ 2 5 xaxa *4 6 7 8 b) X-linked dominant 11 x 12 오 XAX хах

12. A heterozygous black mouse is crossed with a white mouse. a) Which color is dominant? b) How did you know? c) Which letter will stand for the dominant color? d) Which letter will stand for the recessive color? e) What is the genotype of the white mouse? f) What is the genotype of the heterozygous black mouse? g) Complete the Punnett Square below for this cross. h) What percent of the offspring will be black?

1) If the parents of the first generation are SS and ss, then the second generation (mating of first-generation) will be, (choose) a) all Ss b) 1/4 SS, 1/2 Ss, and 1/4 ss c) 1/2 Ss and 1/2 SS d) 1/2 ss and 1/2 Ss 2) In a cross of Tt x Tt, the percentage of offspring that will have the same genotype as the parents is   (choose)  a) 75% b) 25% c) 50% d)100%

3) In the snail Capaea nemoralis, an autosomal allele causing a banded shell (B®) is recessive to the allele for an unbanded shell (B°). Genes at a different locus determine the background color of the shell; here yellow (C') is recessive to brown (CBw). A banded, yellow snail is crossed with a homozygous brown, unbanded snail. The F1 are then crossed with banded, yellow snails (a test cross). a. What will the results of the testcross be in the loci that control banding and color ARE linked with NO crossing over.

F. 9. If a man who is heterozygous marries a woman who is homozygous recessive, what would you predict for the genotypes and phenotypes of their children? Can a man and a woman who both suffer from hypercholesterolemia have children who do not have the disease? Explain your answer. Can a man and a woman have children with hypercholesterolemia if neither of them has the disease. Explain your answer. Hr homorgo

9. A true-breeding blue-flower, wrinkled-seed, short-stem, yellow-leaf plant was crossed with a true-breeding red-flower, round- seed, long-stem, green-leaf plant and all of the progeny had the following phenotype: purple-flower, round seed, short-stem, approximately half of the leaves on the plants were yellow and the other half green. Assuming a single gene controls each trait, describe the inheritance pattern for each gene. Inheritance Pattern a. Gene Flower color Seed shape Stem length Leaf color

Which of the 6 modes is this pedigree and why? 1) Autosomal Dominant 2) Autosomal Recessive 3) X-linked Recessive 4) X - linked Dominant 5) Y-Linked 6) mt-Linked

In humans, the recessive allele that causes a form of red-green colour blindness (c) is found on the X chromosome. a.) Determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the F1 generation from a colour-blind father and a mother who is homozygous for normal colour vision. b.) Determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the F1 generation from a father who has normal colour vision and a mother who is heterozygous for colour vision. c.) Draw a Punnett square to determine the genotypes of parents that could produce a daughter who is colour-blind

3. Red-green color blindness (b) is a recessive sex-linked trait. A colorblind male marries a normal female. Their daughter is colorblind. a)What are the genotypes of both parents and the daughter? b) Can a colorblind father have daughters who are not colorblind? Explain.