. Assume that a camera has a bi-convex lens. Should you move the lens toward or away from the sensor in order to zoom in (magnify)? 2. A camera has a bi-convex lens whose focal length is 50mm. The lens’s range of motion is 5.56mm starting from 50mm from the sensor and moving away. What are the minimum and maximum possible object positions for which the image is in focus? 3. For the camera in the previous question, when a 300mm tall object is at the minimum distance, will it fit on a Canon APS-C sensor? Hint: Look up the size of this camera sensor.
Ray Optics
Optics is the study of light in the field of physics. It refers to the study and properties of light. Optical phenomena can be classified into three categories: ray optics, wave optics, and quantum optics. Geometrical optics, also known as ray optics, is an optics model that explains light propagation using rays. In an optical device, a ray is a direction along which light energy is transmitted from one point to another. Geometric optics assumes that waves (rays) move in straight lines before they reach a surface. When a ray collides with a surface, it can bounce back (reflect) or bend (refract), but it continues in a straight line. The laws of reflection and refraction are the fundamental laws of geometrical optics. Light is an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength that falls within the visible spectrum.
Converging Lens
Converging lens, also known as a convex lens, is thinner at the upper and lower edges and thicker at the center. The edges are curved outwards. This lens can converge a beam of parallel rays of light that is coming from outside and focus it on a point on the other side of the lens.
Plano-Convex Lens
To understand the topic well we will first break down the name of the topic, ‘Plano Convex lens’ into three separate words and look at them individually.
Lateral Magnification
In very simple terms, the same object can be viewed in enlarged versions of itself, which we call magnification. To rephrase, magnification is the ability to enlarge the image of an object without physically altering its dimensions and structure. This process is mainly done to get an even more detailed view of the object by scaling up the image. A lot of daily life examples for this can be the use of magnifying glasses, projectors, and microscopes in laboratories. This plays a vital role in the fields of research and development and to some extent even our daily lives; our daily activity of magnifying images and texts on our mobile screen for a better look is nothing other than magnification.
1. Assume that a camera has a bi-convex lens. Should you move the lens toward or
away from the sensor in order to zoom in (magnify)?
2. A camera has a bi-convex lens whose focal length is 50mm. The lens’s range of
motion is 5.56mm starting from 50mm from the sensor and moving away. What
are the minimum and maximum possible object positions for which the image is in
focus?
3. For the camera in the previous question, when a 300mm tall object is at the minimum
distance, will it fit on a Canon APS-C sensor? Hint: Look up the size of this camera
sensor.
4. See Figure 10.7! A circular piece of glass (n=1.5) has been cut in half as shown
and is being used as a lens for a set of five parallel rays. The angles at which
the rays are incident on the circular side of the lens are shown, and the image is
drawn to scale. First, calculate the 5 angles of refraction for each of the 5 angles
of incidence, respectively. Second, use a protractor to draw the refracted rays such
that they intersect the dashed line. Finally, comment on whether a circular piece of
glass makes a good lens or not.
5. Based on the drawing and calculations you did in Question 4, how would the focal
length of a lens change if it was submerged in water (n=1.33)?
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