THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE

An Encyclopedia in Eighteen Volumes

Volume XVI: American EARLY NATIONAL LITERATURE: PART II LATER NATIONAL LITERATURE: PART I

Edited by W. P. Trent, J. Erskine, S. P. Sherman & C. Van Doren

BOOK II: EARLY NATIONAL LITERATURE (CONTINUED)
Chapter X.	Thoreau
	By ARCHIBALD MACMECHAN, Ph.D., F.R.S.C., George Munro Professor of the English Language and Literature in Dalhousie University The Village Rebel Thoreau’s Youth and Education His Reading Emerson Rebellions: Church; State; Society The Experiment at Walden Pond A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers Canada Walden Style Thoreau’s Significance BIBLIOGRAPHY

XI.	Hawthorne
	By JOHN ERSKINE, Ph.D., Professor of English in Columbia University Hawthorne and Puritanism His Relations with the Transcendentalists The Facts of his Life Early Stories Later Romances His Close Observation of Life Transcendental Doctrines in Hawthorne: Self-Reliance; Compensation; Circles BIBLIOGRAPHY

XII.	Longfellow
	By WILLIAM PETERFIELD TRENT, M.A., LL.D., Professor of English Literature in Columbia University Youthful Environment; Education Bowdoin Hyperion; Early Poems Harvard Ballads Dramatic Writings Evangeline Miles Standish Hiawatha Tales of a Wayside Inn Translations Sonnets Rank and Place BIBLIOGRAPHY

XIII.	Whittier
	By WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE, LL.D. Quaker Ancestry and Nurture Early Poems Abolitionism Poems (1849) Later Honours Ballads Snow-Bound Anti-Slavery Poems Occasional Pieces Religious Feeling Prose Standing BIBLIOGRAPHY

XIV.	Poe
	By KILLIS CAMPBELL, Ph.D., Professor of English in the University of Texas Youth Education Tamerlane and Other Poems West Point Baltimore The Southern Literary Messenger Philadelphia New York; The Raven; The Broadway Journal Later Misfortunes Character Poe as Critic His Creed and Practice of Poetry Tales BIBLIOGRAPHY

XV.	Publicists and Orators, 1800–1850
	By A. C. MCLAUGHLIN, A.M., LL.D., Professor of History in the University of Chicago Theory and Practice Themes Oratorical Methods John Marshall His Importance His Great Opinions Marbury vs. Madison Cohens vs. Virginia McCulloch vs. Maryland; Dartmouth College vs. Woodward; Gibbons vs. Ogden Joseph Story: Commentaries on the Constitution James Kent: Commentaries on American Law; Conflict of Laws; Equity Jurisprudence Henry Wheaton: Elements of International Law John C. Calhoun The Chief Spokesman of the South Nullification The Constitutional Guarantees of Minority Defence of Slavery Style and Language Spencer Roane; John Taylor; Robert Y. Hayne John Randolph Powers of Invective Henry Clay; Gifts of Leadership His Nationalism John Quincy Adams “The Old Man Eloquent” Albert Gallatin; Roger Brooke Taney; Josiah Quincy; Edward Everett Thomas H. Benton; His Westernism Total Accomplishment of the Period BIBLIOGRAPHY

XVI.	Webster
	By HENRY CABOT LODGE, Ph.D., LL.D., United States Senator from Massachusetts Webster not a Writer His Knowledge of Literature Literature and Oratory Webster’s Permanence The Plymouth Discourse Rhetoric and Literature Webster’s Developed Style BIBLIOGRAPHY

XVII.	Writers on American History, 1783–1850
	By JOHN SPENCER BASSETT, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of American History in Smith College Historians of the Revolution Gordon; Ramsay; Drayton; Moultrie; Marshall; Wirt Mrs. Warren; Weems; State Histories Belknap; Trumbull; Proud; Minot; H. M. Brackenridge; Ramsay; Burk; Williamson Status of Historical Studies General Histories of the United States Abiel Holmes Pitkin Hildreth Palfrey Tucker Bancroft Collectors of Materials Hazard Belknap Jedidiah Morse Sparks Force BIBLIOGRAPHY

XVIII.	Prescott and Motley
	By RUTH PUTNAM PRESCOTT Youth Ill Health Self-training Choice of a Spanish Theme Ferdinand and Isabella Its Reception The Conquest of Mexico; The Conquest of Peru Philip II Style and Methods; His Aloofness from Current Affairs MOTLEY Youthful Energy Studies in Germany Novels St. Petersburg; Massachusetts Legislature The Rise of the Dutch Republic Its Reception and Influence Dutch and Belgian Critics The United Netherlands; Its Critics The Causes of the Civil War Vienna Resignation John of Barneveld; Court of St. James; Autobiographical Colouring in Motley’s Histories Sectarian Animosities BIBLIOGRAPHY

XIX.	Early Humorists
	By WILL D. HOWE, Ph.D., Professor of English in Indiana University Two Forms of American Humour: Classical and Native Colonial Humorists Revolutionary Satirists The New Humour of the Thirties Seba Smith; “Jack Downing”; Haliburton David Crockett Longstreet; Georgia Scenes; W. T. Thompson; Hooper; Charles Henry Smith; “Bill Arp”; Bagby; Harris; Prentice Baldwin: The Flush Times of Alabama and Mississippi Mrs. Whitcher; “The Widow Bedott”; Cozzens; Goodrich; Wise; Thorpe; Hammett; McConnel Shillaber: “Mrs. Partington” Halpine: “Miles O’Reilly”; Mortimer Thompson; Newell; “Orpheus C. Kerr” Derby: “John Phœnix” Shaw: “Josh Billings” Locke: “Petroleum V. Nasby” Browne: “Artemus Ward” BIBLIOGRAPHY

XX.	Magazines, Annuals, and Gift-books, 1783–1850
	By WILLIAM B. CAIRNS, Ph.D., Associate Professor of American Literature in the University of Wisconsin MAGAZINES Experiments before 1815 Publishing Centres Salmagundi The Literary Magazine; The Port Folio The Monthly Anthology After the War of 1812 South and West Types New England; The North American Review The Dial New York: The Knickerbocker Magazine; The Knickerbocker Gallery Philadelphia: Godey’s Lady’s Book; Graham’s Magazine The South: The Southern Literary Messenger The West ANNUALS AND GIFT-BOOKS Characteristics The Atlantic Souvenir Engravers; Cheney; Sartain; Ritchie The Token Religious Annuals The Talisman; The Boston Book; The Liberty Bell Miscellaneous BIBLIOGRAPHY

XXI.	Newspapers, 1775–1860
	By FRANK W. SCOTT, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of English in the University of Illinois Revolutionary Newspapers The Pennsylvania Packet—the first daily Newspaper Development after the War The Farmers’ Museum Reporters Admitted to the Debates in Congress Partisan Bitterness; Administration Organs; The Gazette of the United States; The National Gazette Alien and Sedition Laws Spread of Newspapers The National Intelligencer (1808); The Globe; The United States Telegraph; The National Intelligencer (1841); Political Editors Personal Journalism; Thomas Ritchie; John M. Daniel New York: The Evening Post James Gordon Bennett—The Herald The Sun New York Associated Press Literary Weeklies: The Mirror The Telegraph Growth of Specialized Forms of Journalism; Anti-Slavery; The Liberator The Great Editors Samuel Bowles—The Springfield Republican Horace Greeley—The New York Tribune Henry Jarvis Raymond—The New York Times BIBLIOGRAPHY

XXII.	Divines and Moralists, 1783–1860
	By SAMUEL LEE WOLFF, Ph.D., Instructor in English, Extension Teaching, Columbia University The Followers of Jonathan Edwards Relation between Divinity and Literature Samuel Hopkins Timothy Dwight Unitarianism The Buckminsters Andover Theological Seminary Princeton Theological Seminary Andrews Norton Opposition to Transcendentalism Furness Horace Bushnell Henry Ward Beecher Clerical College Presidents Mark Hopkins BIBLIOGRAPHY

XXIII.	Writers of Familiar Verse
	By BRANDER MATTHEWS, D.C.L., Litt.D., LL.D., Professor of Dramatic Literature in Columbia University HOLMES Ancestry Education Medicine Professional Career Biographies of Motley and Emerson Novels Elsie Venner The Guardian Angel; A Mortal Antipathy The Breakfast-Table Series Serious Verse Occasional Pieces Lighter Lyrics MINOR WRITERS Early Writers Lighter Verse of Serious Poets Saxe Eugene Field Bunner BIBLIOGRAPHY

XXIV.	Lowell
	By ASHLEY H. THORNDIKE, Ph.D., L.H.D., Professor of English in Columbia University Miscellaneous Quality of Lowell’s Work Main Facts of his Life Early Poems Union of Art and Morality The Biglow Papers The Commemoration Ode Lowell as Critic The New England Village Later Doctrines BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOK III: LATER NATIONAL LITERATURE: PART I
I.	Whitman
	By EMORY HOLLOWAY, A.M., Assistant Professor of English in Adelphi College Difficulties in Whitman’s Biography Youth and Education Printer Teacher; Editor; Stump Speaker Early Writings New Orleans Leaves of Grass (1855) Its Reception Lectures New Friends The Civil War Drum-Taps; Democratic Vistas The Good Gray Poet Foreign Reputation Specimen Days and Collect; November Boughs Later Friends Influence of Whitman BIBLIOGRAPHY

II.	Poets of the Civil War I THE NORTH
	By WILL D. HOWE The Mood of the North Effect upon the Poets H. H. Brownell Boker; Bayard Taylor; Read Melville; Halpine The Events of the Conflict Traced in Contemporary Poems; John Brown; Secession; The Call to Arms The Earliest Fighting in Virginia The War in the West; Willson The Cumberland and Merrimac; The Capture of New Orleans Emancipation Gettysburg Grant and His Career; Black Soldiers Sherman; The Fall of Richmond Songs of the Soldiers Civil Matters; Peace Lincoln BIBLIOGRAPHY

III.	Poets of the Civil War II THE SOUTH
	By EDWIN MIMS, Ph.D., Professor of English in Vanderbilt University Southern Poetry before the War Pinkney; Wilde The Outbreak of Hostilities Soldier Poets Dixie; The Bonnie Blue Flag Charleston and Its Poets; Simms Hayne Timrod; The Cotton Boll Ethnogenesis Randall: My Maryland Songs of the Soldiers Anthologies Frank Moore R. G. White War Songs and Lyrics of the South Emily V. Mason Simms Sallie A. Brock Davidson; Living Writers of the South F. F. Browne; Later Anthologies Value and Interest of these Poems The Events of the Conflict; The War in Virginia The West; The Mississippi The Death of Stonewall Jackson The Attack on Charleston Sherman’s March Peace; Resignation Ode Sung at Magnolia Cemetery The Poets after the War BIBLIOGRAPHY

IV.	The New South: Lanier
	By DUDLEY MILES, Ph.D., Chairman of the Department of English in the Evander Childs High School, New York City Conditions of Literature during Reconstruction Susan Dabney Smedes Survivors of the Old School: Cooke; Bagby Johnston Jones Vance; Hill Gordon Lamar Curry The New South Grady Booker T. Washington The Poets Carlyle McKinley Tabb Boner Wilson Lanier; Youth and Education The Confederate Army Tiger Lilies Law Music The Peabody Orchestra Poems (1877) Johns Hopkins; Death Hackwork Critical Writings Shakespeare and His Forerunners The English Novel The Science of English Verse Letters Qualities of his Poetry Elaboration Music and Metrics Didacticism Idealism Ideas of Love and Nature Fidelity to his Section The Voice of the New South BIBLIOGRAPHY

V.	Dialect Writers
	By C. ALPHONSO SMITH, Ph.D., LL.D., L. H. D., Head of the Department of English in the United States Naval Academy NEGRO DIALECT Joel Chandler Harris Facts of his Life Negro Writers; Douglass; Washington; DuBois; Dunbar The Negro in Earlier American Literature Uncle Tom’s Cabin Foster Russell Uncle Remus His Philosophy, Language, and Character Importance to Negro Folk lore The Negro Dialects in the United States: (1) Virginia; (2) Sea Islands; (3) Louisiana; (4) Inland or Uncle Remus Dialect DIALECTS OF THE WHITES Dialect and the Short Story General Uniformity of American Speech Western—a Composite New England: Its laws as Summarized by Lowell Southern: Its Rules The Possibility of a Compromise Dialect in the Middle West BIBLIOGRAPHY

VI.	The Short Story
	By FRED LEWIS PATTEE, A.M., Litt.D., Professor of the English Language and Literature in the Pennsylvania State College Stages in the Development of the American Short Story Beginnings Irving The Annuals; Hawthorne Poe; Realism Rose Terry Cooke O’Brien Hale Henry James Bret Harte “Local Colour” Constance Fenimore Woolson Sarah Orne Jewett Cable The New Art Aldrich Stockton Bunner Bierce The Eighties Charles Egbert Craddock Joel Chandler Harris Johnston Garland; Mary E. Wilkins Freeman Kate Chopin The Latest Period Smith London Davis O. Henry Defects of the Type BIBLIOGRAPHY

VII.	Books for Children
	By ALGERNON TASSIN, A.M., Assistant Professor of English in Columbia University Didacticism of the Early Attempts The Sunday School Books; Miss Sedgwick Miss Warner; Mrs. Finley; Mrs. Whitney Mrs. Child; The Youth’s Companion; Goodrich; Jacob Abbott Cooper; Irving; Dana; Mrs. Stowe; Hawthorne’s Juveniles; Increasing Dignity of Children’s Books; Our Young Folks; St. Nicholas Louisa M. Alcott; Mary Mapes Dodge; Hans Brinker Dime Novels; Writers for Boys; Kellogg; Goulding; Oliver Optic; Alger Later Books of Information Revolt against Information; Trowbridge; Kaler; Aldrich; Mark Twain Americanism in Books for Children Fanciful Tales; Stockton; Uncle Remus Poetry for Children; Moore; A Visit from St. Nicholas; Mary Had a Little Lamb; Field; Riley; Butterworth Merit of Contemporary Work in Juvenile Literature BIBLIOGRAPHY

THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE

An Encyclopedia in Eighteen Volumes

Volume XVI: American EARLY NATIONAL LITERATURE: PART II LATER NATIONAL LITERATURE: PART I

Contents

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