Answer – Urbanization is the process by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities.

Explanation: 

Here are some key aspects of urbanization:

• Population shift: The core of urbanization is the demographic shift from rural villages and towns to cities. This can be driven by various factors, including job opportunities, better education and healthcare, improved living standards, and cultural attractions.
• City growth: As more people move to urban areas, cities expand and grow. This involves the development of infrastructure such as housing, transportation networks, public services, and industrial growth.
• Social changes: Urbanization leads to significant social changes. It creates diverse communities with a mix of cultures, ethnicities, and lifestyles. It can also lead to challenges including social inequalities, cultural clashes, and pressure on urban resources, thereby eventually threatening the environment.
• Economic transformation: Cities often act as engines of economic growth. They concentrate resources, markets, and skilled labor, fostering innovation and entrepreneurship. However, the unequal distribution of these resources leads to societal issues such as poverty.

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