What is the Definition of Normality in Chemistry?
Answer – In chemistry, the normality of a solution is the gram equivalent weight of a solute per liter of solution.
Explanation:
It is represented by the letter “N.” The formula for normality (N) is
- Normality (N) = grams solute / volume of solvent (in liters) x equivalent weight
In the above formula, the equivalent weight refers to the number of reactive units (ions or molecules) involved in a chemical reaction. The volume of solution is one liter (1000 ml). Normality is used in acid-base chemistry, redox reactions, and precipitation reactions (reactions that occur in an aqueous solution and form precipitates).
A 1N hydrochloric (HCl) solution contains 1 equivalent of H+ ions per liter of solution. This means that every liter of HCl solution has enough H+ ions to react with one equivalent of a base in a neutralization reaction.
So, to prepare a 1N HCl solution, 36.5 grams of concentrated HCl are dissolved in enough water to make a total volume of 1 liter.
For HCl, the equivalent weight is equal to its molar mass because each mole of HCl provides 1 mole of H+ ions; the molar mass of HCl = atomic mass of H (1.008 g/mol) + atomic mass of Cl (35.453 g/mol). This is equal to approximately 36.5 g/mol.
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