1/ Definition of “Stress� :
Stress is an individual’s adaptive response to a situation that is perceived as challenging or threatening to the person’s wellbeing. (1)
There are two kinds of stress dimensions which are psychological and physiological one. In psychological aspect, people perceive a situation and interpret it as challenging or threatening or both and then this cognitive appraisal leads to physiological responses.
Distress: the degree of physiological, psychological and behavioural deviation from healthy functioning. (2)
General adaptation syndrome: a model of the stress experience, consisting of three stages : alarm reaction, resistance and exhaustion which helps people to cope with environmental demands by
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(5) o Workplace violence: employees who experience violence usually have symptoms of severe distress after the traumatic event. o Workplace bullying: offensive, intimidating or humiliating behaviour that degrades, ridicules or insults another person at work. How to prevent ? Firstly, set expectations regarding acceptable workplace behaviour. Secondly, base on past behaviour/incident. Lastly, companies should have a grievance, mediation or other conflicts resolution process that employees trust when they become victims of workplace bullying. • Organisational stressors: such as the sale or merger trend of a company that employees face. • Non-work streesors: Stressors from work spill over into non-work stressors and conflict with each other. (6) o Time-based conflict: The challenge of balancing the time demanded by work with family and the other non-work activities. o Strain-based conflict: occurs when stress from one domain spills over to the other. o Role behaviour conflict: occurs when people are expected to enact different work and non-work roles.
3/ Individual differences in stress: • People expose to the same stressors might response differently for some reasons: o People have different approach to a
Stress can be caused by many different things within an organisation but the main causes of stress can be broken down into “six management standards” Anon (2009) how to tackle work related stress http://www.hse.gov.uk/ I used these areas to construct the chart below and discussed stress at a team meeting and asked my team to complete a Circle of influence around areas over which they felt they had no control Appendix 1 we also discussed what we / I could do to manage the six main causes of stress
A person experiences stress when they perceive that the demands of their work are greater than their ability to cope. Coping means balancing the demands and pressures placed on you (i.e. the job requirements) with your skills and knowledge (i.e. your capabilities). For example, if you give a member of your team a tight deadline on a project they feel they have neither the skills nor ability to do well, they may begin to feel undue pressure which could result in work related stress.
Stress is a psychological term that occurs when an individual perceives that environmental demands exceed his or her adaptive capacity.
Selye created a theory to accompany his definition named The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). In this theory, there are three phases that describe the body’s response to stress. The first phase is the Alarm stage, this takes place within the first seconds or minutes of the stressor taking place. The body labels the stressor as a threat or danger to the
This assignment will explore the concept of stress by firstly distinguishing between the definitions set out by Selye 919560 and Cox (1976). Following this assignment will critically evaluate the General Adaption Syndrome, SRRS and Daily Hassles explanations of stress and finally, conclude with a discussion on individual differences based on Friedman and Rosenman’s research.
(2013) proposed that eustress at work enhances peak performance of the employees, suggesting ways to generate the good stress at work in order to achieve better employees performance.
Stresses can result from the environment, psychological, or social situations (external) or from illness, or from a medical procedure (internal). The "fight or flight" response, which is a complex reaction of neurologic and endocrinologic systems can be initiated by stress . (1)
Stress is normal. It happens to everyone, and affects everyone differently. It is a feeling of being overwhelmed for handling things you aren’t used to. Stress is also known as a response or something that changes in the body caused by emotions, social, physical, or economical issues which can cause tension mentally and physically. It can be caused by external or internal situations. What’s known as the “fight or flight” response, is initiated when an individual becomes stressed. It is the complex response of the neurologic and endocrinologic systems. Stress management includes pharmacological and nonpharmacological elements, and was found to be an effective treatment method for treating stress.
Stress is something everyone goes through no matter what age, gender or race you are. Stress is the experience of a perceived threat to one’s mental, physical or spiritual well-being, resulting from a series of physiological responses and adaptations. When people think of stress they think it’s a bad thing which isn’t true, some stress is just your body’s reaction to certain situations. At times it may seem like stress is taking over your body leaving you physically, emotionally and mentally hurt but what you can do is learn how to manage your stress to have a healthier and happy lifestyle. Stress management is learning to deal with your stress and take charge. There are three types of stresses which are eustress, distress and neustress.
Stress is in the eyes of the beholder, as some people are equipped with qualities enabling them to recognize situations as less threatening and others not. As McCauley explains the coping mechanisms of each individual is “influences by their personalities, beliefs, experiences and expectations” (McCauley, 2005) which clearly differentiate hugely between people. A way of explaining individuals’ responses to stress is fight or flight. Stress is a difficult feeling to express and to test; the General Adaptation Syndrome created by Hans Selye explains the experience of stress by categorizing it in three stages: alarm, reaction, resistance and exhaustion; although an old theory it is very relevant to stress in the workplace at present. It is difficult to see stress in people, “stress will affect individuals differently, so some may become more disinterested…others may appear overwhelmed, anxious….”(Fairbairn, 2011) but it is vital for organizations to have some sort of system in place to be able to understand each individual. Changes such as increase in sick days, decline in work performance, concentration, fatigue and simply changes in their attitude and behavior are some signs of stress, which should be
Long-term activation of this stress-response system can lead to the disruption of almost all of the body’s processes. If this happens, the individual has an increased risk of developing numerous health problems. So, to prevent this from happening, the problem must be nipped in the bud.
Role Conflict: Some employees may become unsure about how they want to spend most of their time and what is most important.
So what is stress? Stress is a normal physical response that happens when you feel threatened or upset. When you feel that you are in danger whether it is real or imaged. Your body has a response when stress occurs and it is a way of actually protecting you. Many times, stress helps people stay more focussed and energetic.
First, stress is defined as an unpleasant state of emotional and physiological arousal that people experience in situations that they perceive as dangerous or threatening to their well being (Patel, 14). Stress is a universal feeling to everyone but the word stress means different things to
According to Elkin and Rosch (1990) workplace related stress in a major problem in the U.S. and it creates a major expense for corporations. Koeske, Kirk, and Koeske (1993) indicate that all jobs have some level of stress but jobs that are in the human services have additional stressors because they “derive from intense involvement in the lives of others”. (p.319). They also refer to the type of stress experienced by individuals working in human services as “burnout” (Koeske, Kirk, and Koeske, 1993, p.319). Another factor that can influence our stress level is how we handle life’s demands. There are different ways of reacting to the situations we face every day of our lives. We have all heard of expressions such as ‘road rage’ and ‘going postal’. These are terms that we have come to identified with violent reactions to stressors caused by situations all of us face every day. How many of us have experiences in the road that